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Table 4 Multivariable quantile regression on hospitalization costs of non-surgical patients

From: Hospitalization costs of injury in elderly population in China: a quantile regression analysis

 

Quantile regression (Ln (Hospitalization costs))

 

10th percentile

25th percentile

50th percentile

75th percentile

90th percentile

 

coeff

95%CI

coeff

95%CI

coeff

95%CI

coeff

95%CI

coeff

95%CI

Age (ref ≥ 90)

 65–69

0.25

(-0.77–1.26)

0.07

(-0.30–0.44)

-0.11

(-0.48–0.27)

-0.19

(-0.53–0.15)

-0.42*

(-0.74–-0.10)

 70–74

0.34

(-0.65–1.33)

0.09

(-0.28–0.46)

-0.16

(-0.54–0.23)

-0.20

(-0.53–0.12)

-0.35*

(-0.67–-0.02)

 75–79

0.34

(-0.65–1.34)

0.07

(-0.28–0.43)

-0.14

(-0.53–0.24)

-0.13

(-0.48–0.22)

-0.30

(-0.62–0.02)

 80–84

0.31

(-0.69–1.31)

0.08

(-0.29–0.46)

-0.16

(-0.55–0.23)

-0.17

(-0.51–0.17)

-0.28

(-0.60–0.05)

 85–89

0.25

(-0.81–1.31)

0.10

(-0.30–0.50)

-0.20

(-0.62–0.22)

-0.20

(-0.56–0.16)

-0.31

(-0.64–0.02)

Gender: Male (ref = Female)

0.08

(-0.04–0.20)

0.15***

(0.06–0.24)

0.17***

(0.10–0.24)

0.10**

(0.04–0.17)

0.14**

(0.05–0.22)

Medical Payment type(ref = Other)

 Basic Medical Insurance

0.29***

(0.12–0.46)

0.11

(-0.00–0.22)

0.06

(-0.05–0.16)

0.00

(-0.09–0.09)

0.06

(-0.05–0.16)

 Entire self-pay

-0.08

(-0.26–0.10)

-0.12*

(-0.24–-0.00)

-0.14*

(-0.24–-0.03)

-0.08

(-0.19–0.03)

0.04

(-0.09–0.17)

Cause of injury (ref = Other)

 Falls (W00-W19)

-0.07

(-0.27–0.12)

0.10

(-0.03–0.23)

0.09

(-0.05–0.22)

0.05

(-0.07–0.17)

-0.04

(-0.18–0.10)

 Transport accidents (V01-V99)

-0.01

(-0.22–0.19)

0.09

(-0.05–0.23)

0.03

(-0.10–0.17)

0.00

(-0.14–0.13)

0.04

(-0.12–0.20)

 Exposure to inanimate mechanical forces (W20-W49)

-0.15

(-0.86–0.56)

-0.14

(-0.55–0.27)

-0.05

(-0.42–0.32)

0.05

(-0.07–0.17)

0.09

(-0.46–0.64)

 Exposure to animate mechanical forces (W50-W64)

-0.41

(-0.90–0.08)

-0.3

(-0.74–0.14)

-0.12

(-0.40–0.17)

0.17

(-0.31–0.64)

-0.07

(-0.66–0.52)

Type of injury (ref = Other)

 Injuries to the head (S00-S09)

-0.08

(-0.28–0.12)

0.03

(-0.11–0.16)

-0.09

(-0.21–0.03)

-0.05

(-0.16–0.06)

0.05

(-0.09–0.18)

 Injuries to the hip and thigh (S70-S79)

-0.07

(-0.33–0.19)

0.12

(-0.06–0.29)

0.04

(-0.12–0.19)

0.10

(-0.02–0.23)

0.14

(-0.02–0.29)

 Injuries to the abdomen, lower back, lumbar spine and pelvis (S30-S39)

-0.01

(-0.24–0.23)

0.13

(-0.03–0.29)

-0.01

(-0.18–0.15)

0.11

(-0.05–0.27)

0.13

(-0.02–0.27)

 Injuries to the thorax (S20-S29)

0.09

(-0.12–0.31)

0.22**

(0.06–0.39)

0.14

(-0.01–0.29)

0.23***

(0.11–0.36)

0.17*

(0.02–0.32)

 Injuries to the knee and lower leg (S80-S89)

-0.01

(-0.36–0.35)

0.22

(-0.05–0.50)

0.03

(-0.13–0.20)

0.00

(-0.15–0.16)

-0.01

(-0.24–0.22)

ISS (ref < 16)

 16–24

0.30**

(0.09–0.50)

0.20**

(0.06–0.34)

0.29***

(0.17–0.41)

0.25***

(0.16–0.34)

0.15*

(0.03–0.26)

  ≥ 25

0.39

(-0.47–1.25)

0.23

(-0.13–0.60)

0.28

(-0.07–0.63)

0.41**

(0.13–0.69)

0.17

(-0.32–0.66)

Multimorbidity (ref = no NCD)

 one NCD

0.26**

(0.09–0.42)

0.20***

(0.10–0.30)

0.10*

(0.00–0.20)

0.11*

(0.02–0.20)

0.15*

(0.04–0.27)

 two NCD

0.25**

(0.09–0.42)

0.27***

(0.15–0.39)

0.21***

(0.12–0.30)

0.16**

(0.06–0.26)

0.18**

(0.06–0.30)

 three or more NCD

0.42***

(0.23–0.60)

0.45***

(0.30–0.60)

0.43***

(0.31–0.55)

0.38***

(0.27–0.50)

0.38***

(0.27–0.49)

CCI ≥ 3 (ref < 3)

-0.02

(-0.22–0.19)

-0.02

(-0.18–0.14)

-0.03

(-0.16–0.10)

-0.03

(-0.14–0.08)

-0.1

(-0.22–0.04)

LOS (ref ≤ 7)

 8–14

0.94***

(0.80–1.08)

0.87***

(0.77–0.96)

0.72***

(0.64–0.81)

0.72***

(0.64–0.79)

0.68***

(0.59–0.77)

 15–28

1.43***

(1.28–1.59)

1.39***

(1.27–1.50)

1.28***

(1.20–1.37)

1.27***

(1.17–1.38)

1.29***

(1.14–1.44)

  ≥ 29

1.99***

(1.74–2.23)

1.95***

(1.78–2.12)

2.04***

(1.88–2.21)

1.95***

(1.81–2.09)

1.99***

(1.81–2.16)

Mode of admission: Emergency admission (ref = Outpatient admission)

0.09

(-0.02–0.21)

0.09*

(0.01–0.17)

0.07

(-0.00–0.14)

-0.02

(-0.08–0.05)

0.01

(-0.07–0.10)

Admission status (ref = General status)

 Critically ill status

-0.14

(-1.14–0.87)

-0.05

(-0.37–0.27)

-0.11

(-0.38–0.15)

-0.16

(-0.56–0.24)

0.10

(-0.39–0.60)

 Urgent status

-0.05

(-0.25–0.15)

-0.03

(-0.16–0.09)

-0.07

(-0.18–0.04)

0.00

(-0.11–0.12)

0.05

(-0.10–0.20)

Transferring to other departments, Yes (ref = No)

0.12

(-0.15–0.39)

0.18

(-0.03–0.40)

0.18

(-0.01–0.36)

0.25**

(0.08–0.43)

0.21

(-0.02–0.45)

Intensive care, Yes (ref = No)

0.79***

(0.38–1.20)

0.68***

(0.48–0.89)

0.55***

(0.41–0.68)

0.38***

(0.23–0.53)

0.17

(-0.26–0.59)

Admission to ICU, Yes (ref = No)

0.32

(-0.37–1.01)

0.07

(-0.28–0.42)

0.08

(-0.28–0.43)

0.23

(-0.29–0.74)

0.56*

(0.01–1.12)

Blood transfusion, Yes (ref = No)

0.84***

(0.43–1.24)

0.66***

(0.47–0.85)

0.40***

(0.25–0.56)

0.34*

(0.04–0.64)

0.25

(-0.14–0.65)

Rescue, Yes (ref = No)

-0.01

(-0.34–0.33)

0.12

(-0.15–0.38)

0.22*

(0.00–0.44)

0.32***

(0.15–0.50)

0.27***

(0.13–0.40)

Usage of the ventilator, Yes (ref = No)

0.04

(-0.61–0.69)

0.54**

(0.14–0.94)

0.47**

(0.19–0.75)

0.41*

(0.08–0.75)

0.35

(-0.03–0.72)

In-hospital mortality, Yes (ref = No)

0.07

(-0.55–0.70)

-0.29

(-0.73–0.15)

-0.08

(-0.44–0.28)

0.03

(-0.27–0.33)

0.16

(-0.08–0.41)

  1. Coefficients estimated after adjusting for all variables in the table
  2. Ref Reference, Coeff coefficient, 95%CI 95%Confidence Interval, ISS Injury Severity Score, NCDs non-communicable diseases, CCI Charlson comorbidity index, LOS Length of stay, ICU Intensive care unit
  3. *p-value < 0.05, **p-value < 0.01, ***p-value < 0.001