From: Hospitalization costs of injury in elderly population in China: a quantile regression analysis
 | Quantile regression (Ln (Hospitalization costs)) | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
 | 10th percentile | 25th percentile | 50th percentile | 75th percentile | 90th percentile | |||||
 | coeff | 95%CI | coeff | 95%CI | coeff | 95%CI | coeff | 95%CI | coeff | 95%CI |
Age (ref ≥ 90) | ||||||||||
 65–69 | 0.25 | (-0.77–1.26) | 0.07 | (-0.30–0.44) | -0.11 | (-0.48–0.27) | -0.19 | (-0.53–0.15) | -0.42* | (-0.74–-0.10) |
 70–74 | 0.34 | (-0.65–1.33) | 0.09 | (-0.28–0.46) | -0.16 | (-0.54–0.23) | -0.20 | (-0.53–0.12) | -0.35* | (-0.67–-0.02) |
 75–79 | 0.34 | (-0.65–1.34) | 0.07 | (-0.28–0.43) | -0.14 | (-0.53–0.24) | -0.13 | (-0.48–0.22) | -0.30 | (-0.62–0.02) |
 80–84 | 0.31 | (-0.69–1.31) | 0.08 | (-0.29–0.46) | -0.16 | (-0.55–0.23) | -0.17 | (-0.51–0.17) | -0.28 | (-0.60–0.05) |
 85–89 | 0.25 | (-0.81–1.31) | 0.10 | (-0.30–0.50) | -0.20 | (-0.62–0.22) | -0.20 | (-0.56–0.16) | -0.31 | (-0.64–0.02) |
Gender: Male (ref = Female) | 0.08 | (-0.04–0.20) | 0.15*** | (0.06–0.24) | 0.17*** | (0.10–0.24) | 0.10** | (0.04–0.17) | 0.14** | (0.05–0.22) |
Medical Payment type(ref = Other) | ||||||||||
 Basic Medical Insurance | 0.29*** | (0.12–0.46) | 0.11 | (-0.00–0.22) | 0.06 | (-0.05–0.16) | 0.00 | (-0.09–0.09) | 0.06 | (-0.05–0.16) |
 Entire self-pay | -0.08 | (-0.26–0.10) | -0.12* | (-0.24–-0.00) | -0.14* | (-0.24–-0.03) | -0.08 | (-0.19–0.03) | 0.04 | (-0.09–0.17) |
Cause of injury (ref = Other) | ||||||||||
 Falls (W00-W19) | -0.07 | (-0.27–0.12) | 0.10 | (-0.03–0.23) | 0.09 | (-0.05–0.22) | 0.05 | (-0.07–0.17) | -0.04 | (-0.18–0.10) |
 Transport accidents (V01-V99) | -0.01 | (-0.22–0.19) | 0.09 | (-0.05–0.23) | 0.03 | (-0.10–0.17) | 0.00 | (-0.14–0.13) | 0.04 | (-0.12–0.20) |
 Exposure to inanimate mechanical forces (W20-W49) | -0.15 | (-0.86–0.56) | -0.14 | (-0.55–0.27) | -0.05 | (-0.42–0.32) | 0.05 | (-0.07–0.17) | 0.09 | (-0.46–0.64) |
 Exposure to animate mechanical forces (W50-W64) | -0.41 | (-0.90–0.08) | -0.3 | (-0.74–0.14) | -0.12 | (-0.40–0.17) | 0.17 | (-0.31–0.64) | -0.07 | (-0.66–0.52) |
Type of injury (ref = Other) | ||||||||||
 Injuries to the head (S00-S09) | -0.08 | (-0.28–0.12) | 0.03 | (-0.11–0.16) | -0.09 | (-0.21–0.03) | -0.05 | (-0.16–0.06) | 0.05 | (-0.09–0.18) |
 Injuries to the hip and thigh (S70-S79) | -0.07 | (-0.33–0.19) | 0.12 | (-0.06–0.29) | 0.04 | (-0.12–0.19) | 0.10 | (-0.02–0.23) | 0.14 | (-0.02–0.29) |
 Injuries to the abdomen, lower back, lumbar spine and pelvis (S30-S39) | -0.01 | (-0.24–0.23) | 0.13 | (-0.03–0.29) | -0.01 | (-0.18–0.15) | 0.11 | (-0.05–0.27) | 0.13 | (-0.02–0.27) |
 Injuries to the thorax (S20-S29) | 0.09 | (-0.12–0.31) | 0.22** | (0.06–0.39) | 0.14 | (-0.01–0.29) | 0.23*** | (0.11–0.36) | 0.17* | (0.02–0.32) |
 Injuries to the knee and lower leg (S80-S89) | -0.01 | (-0.36–0.35) | 0.22 | (-0.05–0.50) | 0.03 | (-0.13–0.20) | 0.00 | (-0.15–0.16) | -0.01 | (-0.24–0.22) |
ISS (ref < 16) | ||||||||||
 16–24 | 0.30** | (0.09–0.50) | 0.20** | (0.06–0.34) | 0.29*** | (0.17–0.41) | 0.25*** | (0.16–0.34) | 0.15* | (0.03–0.26) |
  ≥ 25 | 0.39 | (-0.47–1.25) | 0.23 | (-0.13–0.60) | 0.28 | (-0.07–0.63) | 0.41** | (0.13–0.69) | 0.17 | (-0.32–0.66) |
Multimorbidity (ref = no NCD) | ||||||||||
 one NCD | 0.26** | (0.09–0.42) | 0.20*** | (0.10–0.30) | 0.10* | (0.00–0.20) | 0.11* | (0.02–0.20) | 0.15* | (0.04–0.27) |
 two NCD | 0.25** | (0.09–0.42) | 0.27*** | (0.15–0.39) | 0.21*** | (0.12–0.30) | 0.16** | (0.06–0.26) | 0.18** | (0.06–0.30) |
 three or more NCD | 0.42*** | (0.23–0.60) | 0.45*** | (0.30–0.60) | 0.43*** | (0.31–0.55) | 0.38*** | (0.27–0.50) | 0.38*** | (0.27–0.49) |
CCI ≥ 3 (ref < 3) | -0.02 | (-0.22–0.19) | -0.02 | (-0.18–0.14) | -0.03 | (-0.16–0.10) | -0.03 | (-0.14–0.08) | -0.1 | (-0.22–0.04) |
LOS (ref ≤ 7) | ||||||||||
 8–14 | 0.94*** | (0.80–1.08) | 0.87*** | (0.77–0.96) | 0.72*** | (0.64–0.81) | 0.72*** | (0.64–0.79) | 0.68*** | (0.59–0.77) |
 15–28 | 1.43*** | (1.28–1.59) | 1.39*** | (1.27–1.50) | 1.28*** | (1.20–1.37) | 1.27*** | (1.17–1.38) | 1.29*** | (1.14–1.44) |
  ≥ 29 | 1.99*** | (1.74–2.23) | 1.95*** | (1.78–2.12) | 2.04*** | (1.88–2.21) | 1.95*** | (1.81–2.09) | 1.99*** | (1.81–2.16) |
Mode of admission: Emergency admission (ref = Outpatient admission) | 0.09 | (-0.02–0.21) | 0.09* | (0.01–0.17) | 0.07 | (-0.00–0.14) | -0.02 | (-0.08–0.05) | 0.01 | (-0.07–0.10) |
Admission status (ref = General status) | ||||||||||
 Critically ill status | -0.14 | (-1.14–0.87) | -0.05 | (-0.37–0.27) | -0.11 | (-0.38–0.15) | -0.16 | (-0.56–0.24) | 0.10 | (-0.39–0.60) |
 Urgent status | -0.05 | (-0.25–0.15) | -0.03 | (-0.16–0.09) | -0.07 | (-0.18–0.04) | 0.00 | (-0.11–0.12) | 0.05 | (-0.10–0.20) |
Transferring to other departments, Yes (ref = No) | 0.12 | (-0.15–0.39) | 0.18 | (-0.03–0.40) | 0.18 | (-0.01–0.36) | 0.25** | (0.08–0.43) | 0.21 | (-0.02–0.45) |
Intensive care, Yes (ref = No) | 0.79*** | (0.38–1.20) | 0.68*** | (0.48–0.89) | 0.55*** | (0.41–0.68) | 0.38*** | (0.23–0.53) | 0.17 | (-0.26–0.59) |
Admission to ICU, Yes (ref = No) | 0.32 | (-0.37–1.01) | 0.07 | (-0.28–0.42) | 0.08 | (-0.28–0.43) | 0.23 | (-0.29–0.74) | 0.56* | (0.01–1.12) |
Blood transfusion, Yes (ref = No) | 0.84*** | (0.43–1.24) | 0.66*** | (0.47–0.85) | 0.40*** | (0.25–0.56) | 0.34* | (0.04–0.64) | 0.25 | (-0.14–0.65) |
Rescue, Yes (ref = No) | -0.01 | (-0.34–0.33) | 0.12 | (-0.15–0.38) | 0.22* | (0.00–0.44) | 0.32*** | (0.15–0.50) | 0.27*** | (0.13–0.40) |
Usage of the ventilator, Yes (ref = No) | 0.04 | (-0.61–0.69) | 0.54** | (0.14–0.94) | 0.47** | (0.19–0.75) | 0.41* | (0.08–0.75) | 0.35 | (-0.03–0.72) |
In-hospital mortality, Yes (ref = No) | 0.07 | (-0.55–0.70) | -0.29 | (-0.73–0.15) | -0.08 | (-0.44–0.28) | 0.03 | (-0.27–0.33) | 0.16 | (-0.08–0.41) |