Effects of frailty, geriatric syndromes, and comorbidity on mortality and quality of life in older adults with HIV

Brañas, Fátima; Torralba, Miguel; Antela, Antonio; Vergas, Jorge; Ramírez, Margarita; Ryan, Pablo; Dronda, Fernando; Galindo, María José; Machuca, Isabel; Bustinduy, María Jesús; Cabello, Alfonso; Montes, María Luisa; Sánchez-Conde, Matilde

doi:10.1186/s12877-022-03719-8

Table 2 Mortality and QOL by frailty, comorbidity and/or geriatric syndromes in older adults with HIV

From: Effects of frailty, geriatric syndromes, and comorbidity on mortality and quality of life in older adults with HIV

	Estimated risk of all-cause 5-year mortality* by VACS index				Quality of life
	N	VACS index. Median (p25-p75)	%*	p	Good or very good	Fair or poor	p
	N	VACS index. Median (p25-p75)	%*	p	N (%)	N (%)	p
Frailty
Non frail	746	19 (17–29)	6.5	0.01	327 (43.5)	425 (56.5)	0.04
Frail	45	28 (18–37)	10.8	0.01	13 (28.3)	33 (71.7)	0.04
Comorbidities
< 3	485	18 (12–28)	6.2	0.01	223 (45.5)	267 (54.5)	0.02
≥ 3	306	23 (18–33)	8.2	0.01	115 (37.3)	193 (62.7)	0.02
Geriatric Syndromes
None	406	18 (12–29)	6.2	0.01	201 (49)	209 (51)	0.01
At least 1	387	23 (17–30)	8.2	0.01	139 (35.5)	252 (64.5)	0.01
Frailty + GS
No	753	20 (17–29)	6.9	0.01	330 (43.4)	430 (56.6))	0.02
Yes	40	28.5 (17.5–37.5)	11.1	0.01	10 (24.4)	31 (75.6)	0.02
Frailty + Comorbidity
No	768	22 (17–29)	7.8	0.01	333 (42.9)	443 (57.1)	0.1
Yes	25	29 (22–39)	11.3	0.01	7 (28)	18 (72)	0.1
GS + Comorbidity
No	615	18 (12–29)	6.2	0.001	286 (46.1)	335 (53.9)	0.01
Yes	178	23 (17–33)	8.2	0.001	54 (30)	126 (70)	0.01
Frailty+ Comorbidity + GS
No	772	22 (17–29)	7.8	0.01	335 (42.9)	445 (57.1)	0.1
Yes	21	30 (24–43)	11.9	0.01	5 (23.8)	16 (76.2)	0.1
Frailty or GS
No	401	18 (12–29)	6.2	0.01	198 (48.9)	207 (51.1)	0.02
Yes	392	23 (17–30)	8.2	0.01	142 (35.9)	254 (64.1)	0.02
Cognitive impairment
No	696	18 (17–29)	6.2	0.01	307 (43.7)	395 (56.3)	0.09
Yes	95	24 (17–33)	8.7	0.01	33 (34.4)	63 (65.6)	0.09
Depression
No	579	18 (14–29)	6.2	0.1	289 (49.5)	295 (50.5)	0.01
Yes	211	23 (17–29)	8.2	0.1	50 (23.5)	163 (76.5)	0.01
Falls
No	670	21 (17–29)	7.4	0.1	295 (43.8)	379 (56.2)	0.10
Yes	122	23 (17–30)	8.2	0.1	45 (36)	80 (64)	0.10
Risk of malnutrition
No	642	18 (17–29)	6.2	0.05	284 (43.8)	365 (56.2)	0.20
Yes	144	23 (17–33)	8.2	0.05	55 (38.2)	89 (61.8)	0.20

QOL evaluated by self-assessment and categorized into very good, good, fair, or poor. Frailty defined according to Frailty Phenotype. VACS index: The Veterans Aging Cohort Study Index is a score created by summing pre-assigned points for age, CD4 count, HIV-1 RNA, hemoglobin, platelets, AST, ALT, creatinine, and viral hepatitis C infection. The higher the score the higher the risk of all-cause mortality. The risk can be estimated using the VACS index calculator https://vacs.med.yale.edu/calculator/IC. GS: Geriatric Syndromes. The GS considered were falls, cognitive impairment, depression, and risk of malnutrition. Cognitive impairment defined as MOCA test score < 20 points. Depression defined as SF-GDS score ≥ 6 points. Falls: at least one fall in the last year. Risk of malnutrition defined as MNA-SF score < 11 points

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