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Table 4 Factors associated with sarcopenia using multiple logistic regression models

From: Prevalence and associated factors of sarcopenia in community-dwelling older adults at risk of malnutrition

 

Overall cohort

Females

Males

Odds Ratio

95% CI

p value

Odds Ratio

95% CI

p value

Odds Ratio

95% CI

p value

Gender

  

< 0.001

      

 Male

1.00

        

 Female

0.15

0.07, 0.29

< 0.001

      

Age (year)

1.04

1.00, 1.08

0.044

1.03

0.98, 1.08

0.225

1.02

0.96, 1.10

0.476

Ethnicity

  

0.829

  

0.346

  

0.633

 Chinese

1.00

  

1.00

  

1.00

  

 Non-Chinese

0.92

0.45, 1.90

0.829

0.63

0.24, 1.66

0.346

1.34

0.41, 4.38

0.633

MUST risk

  

0.002

  

0.001

  

0.576

 Medium

1.00

  

1.00

  

1.00

  

 High

2.11

1.32, 3.36

0.002

2.61

1.46, 4.67

0.001

1.27

0.55, 2.96

0.576

Calf circumference (cm)

0.78

0.70, 0.87

< 0.001

0.77

0.67, 0.88

< 0.001

0.79

0.63, 0.98

0.033

Bone mass (100 g)

0.77

0.70, 0.85

< 0.001

0.82

0.73, 0.92

< 0.001

0.58

0.46, 0.73

< 0.001

Physical Activity Scale for the Elderly score

1.00

0.99, 1.00

0.145

1.00

0.99, 1.00

0.094

1.00

0.99, 1.00

0.354

Education

  

0.075

  

0.003

  

0.624

 No formal education

1.00

  

1.00

  

1.00

  

 Secondary level or equivalent

1.22

0.72, 2.05

0.462

1.18

0.62, 2.26

0.615

1.05

0.41, 2.71

0.922

 A level or equivalent

0.57

0.31, 1.04

0.065

0.33

0.15, 0.70

0.004

2.09

0.65, 6.80

0.218

 University and above

1.02

0.48, 2.20

0.952

1.04

0.37, 2.96

0.936

1.12

0.32, 3.86

0.862

Smoking status

  

0.168

  

0.653

  

0.227

 Non-smoker

1.00

  

1.00

  

1.00

  

 Past smoker

0.63

0.31, 1.26

0.190

0.95

0.17, 5.22

0.949

0.49

0.21, 1.16

0.107

 Daily / occasional smoker

1.76

0.63, 4.96

0.282

3.44

0.25, 47.85

0.357

1.10

0.32, 3.84

0.878

Alcohol consumption

  

0.293

  

0.599

  

0.415

 None

1.00

  

1.00

  

1.00

  

  < once a month

1.44

0.73, 2.83

0.297

1.53

0.67, 3.50

0.313

1.31

0.37, 4.70

0.678

  ≥ once a month

1.69

0.77, 3.70

0.188

1.12

0.31, 4.07

0.858

2.05

0.70, 6.00

0.188