Table 1 Baseline characteristics of participants stratified by cognitive status at 5-year follow-up (normal cognition, MCI, and dementia)
Baseline characteristics | Total N = 607 | Cognitive status at 5-year follow-up | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Normal | MCI | p -value | Dementia | p -value | p -value | ||
N = 444 (73.1%) | N = 129 (21.3%) | Normal VS. MCI | N = 34 (5.6%) | Normal VS. Dementia | Â | ||
Age, years | 55.9 ± 4.4 | 55.4 ± 4.1 | 56.6 ± 4.8 | 0.026 | 58.6 ± 5.0 | <0.001 | <0.001 |
Age of ≥60 years | 112 (18.5) | 66 (14.9) | 30 (23.3) | 0.025 | 16 (47.1) | <0.001 | <0.001 |
Sex, male | 421 (69.4) | 303 (68.2) | 97 (75.2) | 0.130 | 21 (61.8) | 0.436 | 0.197 |
Body mass index, kg/m2 | 25.0 ± 3.9 | 24.8 ± 3.8 | 25.8 ± 3.9 | 0.023 | 24.7 ± 4.4 | 1.000 | 0.026 |
Body mass index, kg/m2 | Â | Â | Â | 0.046 | Â | 0.610 | 0.130 |
<18.5 | 15 (2.5) | 10 (2.3) | 3 (2.3) | Â | 2 (5.9) | Â | Â |
18.5–22.9 | 171 (28.2) | 136 (30.6) | 25 (19.4) |  | 10 (29.4) |  |  |
23.0–24.9 | 142 (23.4) | 106 (23.9) | 29 (22.5) |  | 7 (20.6) |  |  |
≥25.0 | 279 (46.0) | 192 (43.2) | 72 (55.8) |  | 15 (44.1) |  |  |
Education level of <7 years | 139 (22.9) | 73 (16.4) | 51 (39.5) | <0.001 | 15 (44.1) | <0.001 | <0.001 |
Underlying diseases | |||||||
  Dyslipidemia | 330 (54.4) | 248 (55.9) | 64 (49.6) | 0.229 | 18 (52.9) | 0.742 | 0.449 |
  Hypertension | 329 (54.2) | 234 (52.7) | 75 (58.1) | 0.316 | 20 (58.8) | 0.491 | 0.472 |
  Type 2 diabetes | 86 (14.2) | 55 (12.4) | 26 (20.2) | 0.026 | 5 (14.7) | 0.694 | 0.083 |
  Ischemic heart disease | 18 (3.0) | 12 (2.7) | 4 (3.1) | 0.809 | 2 (5.9) | 0.289 | 0.571 |
  Thyroid disorder | 16 (2.6) | 13 (2.9) | 1 (0.8) | 0.163 | 2 (5.9) | 0.341 | 0.194 |
  Stroke | 6 (1.0) | 3 (0.7) | 3 (2.3) | 0.105 | 0 (0.0) | 0.631 | 0.208 |
  Smoking | 226 (37.2) | 160 (36.0) | 56 (43.4) | 0.148 | 10 (29.4) | 0.437 | 0.195 |
  Alcohol drinking | 454 (74.8) | 334 (75.2) | 96 (74.4) | 0.908 | 24 (70.6) | 0.548 | 0.830 |