Variables | Cognitive function (MMSE score) | |||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Male | Female | |||||||||||||
Total | < 24 | ≥ 24 | Total | < 24 | ≥ 24 | |||||||||
N | % | N | % | N | % | P -value | N | % | N | % | N | % | P -value | |
Total N = 4 364 | 2043 | 100.0 | 127 | 6.2 | 1916 | 93.8 | 2321 | 100.0 | 309 | 13.3 | 2012 | 86.7 | ||
Marital status | 0.1372 | < 0.0001 | ||||||||||||
Married → Married | 1918 | 93.9 | 115 | 6.0 | 1803 | 94.0 | 1886 | 81.3 | 216 | 11.5 | 1670 | 88.5 | ||
Married → Not married | 13 | 0.6 | 0 | 0.0 | 13 | 100.0 | 25 | 1.1 | 3 | 12.0 | 22 | 88.0 | ||
Not married → Married | 2 | 0.1 | 0 | 0.0 | 2 | 100.0 | 1 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 | 1 | 100.0 | ||
Not married → Not married | 110 | 5.4 | 12 | 10.9 | 98 | 89.1 | 409 | 17.6 | 90 | 22.0 | 319 | 78.0 | ||
Age | < 0.0001 | < 0.0001 | ||||||||||||
45–64 | 1377 | 67.4 | 47 | 3.4 | 1330 | 96.6 | 1701 | 73.3 | 130 | 7.6 | 1571 | 92.4 | ||
≥65 | 666 | 32.6 | 80 | 12.0 | 586 | 88.0 | 620 | 26.7 | 179 | 28.9 | 441 | 71.1 | ||
Region | 0.0012 | < 0.0001 | ||||||||||||
Urban area | 902 | 44.2 | 38 | 4.2 | 864 | 95.8 | 1096 | 47.2 | 99 | 9.0 | 997 | 91.0 | ||
Rural area | 1141 | 55.8 | 89 | 7.8 | 1052 | 92.2 | 1225 | 52.8 | 210 | 17.1 | 1015 | 82.9 | ||
Educational level | < 0.0001 | < 0.0001 | ||||||||||||
Middle school or below | 861 | 42.1 | 95 | 11.0 | 766 | 89.0 | 1489 | 64.2 | 285 | 19.1 | 1204 | 80.9 | ||
High school or above | 1182 | 57.9 | 32 | 2.7 | 1150 | 97.3 | 832 | 35.8 | 24 | 2.9 | 808 | 97.1 | ||
Household income | < 0.0001 | < 0.0001 | ||||||||||||
Quartile 1 (low) | 393 | 19.2 | 55 | 14.0 | 338 | 86.0 | 559 | 24.1 | 134 | 24.0 | 425 | 76.0 | ||
Quartile 2 | 517 | 25.3 | 35 | 6.8 | 482 | 93.2 | 585 | 25.2 | 84 | 14.4 | 501 | 85.6 | ||
Quartile 3 | 570 | 27.9 | 21 | 3.7 | 549 | 96.3 | 585 | 25.2 | 53 | 9.1 | 532 | 90.9 | ||
Quartile 4 (high) | 563 | 27.6 | 16 | 2.8 | 547 | 97.2 | 592 | 25.5 | 38 | 6.4 | 554 | 93.6 | ||
Living arrangement | < 0.0001 | < 0.0001 | ||||||||||||
Living alone | 54 | 2.6 | 8 | 14.8 | 46 | 85.2 | 209 | 9.0 | 44 | 21.1 | 165 | 78.9 | ||
Living with a family member(s) | 1989 | 97.4 | 119 | 6.0 | 1870 | 94.0 | 2112 | 91.0 | 265 | 12.5 | 1847 | 87.5 | ||
Number of offspring | < 0.0001 | < 0.0001 | ||||||||||||
None | 41 | 2.0 | 5 | 12.2 | 36 | 87.8 | 43 | 1.9 | 5 | 11.6 | 38 | 88.4 | ||
1 | 146 | 7.1 | 5 | 3.4 | 141 | 96.6 | 161 | 6.9 | 12 | 7.5 | 149 | 92.5 | ||
2 | 900 | 44.1 | 35 | 3.9 | 865 | 96.1 | 955 | 41.1 | 66 | 6.9 | 889 | 93.1 | ||
≥3 | 956 | 46.8 | 82 | 8.6 | 874 | 91.4 | 1162 | 50.1 | 226 | 19.4 | 936 | 80.6 | ||
Chronic disease | 0.0056 | < 0.0001 | ||||||||||||
None | 1269 | 62.1 | 63 | 5.0 | 1206 | 95.0 | 1476 | 63.6 | 151 | 10.2 | 1325 | 89.8 | ||
1 | 562 | 27.5 | 42 | 7.5 | 520 | 92.5 | 635 | 27.4 | 112 | 17.6 | 523 | 82.4 | ||
2 or more | 212 | 10.4 | 22 | 10.4 | 190 | 89.6 | 210 | 9.0 | 46 | 21.9 | 164 | 78.1 | ||
ADL | 0.6462 | 0.7480 | ||||||||||||
Normal | 2033 | 99.5 | 126 | 6.2 | 1907 | 93.8 | 2311 | 99.6 | 308 | 13.3 | 2003 | 86.7 | ||
Abnormal | 10 | 0.5 | 1 | 10.0 | 9 | 90.0 | 10 | 0.4 | 1 | 10.0 | 9 | 90.0 | ||
Grip strength | 0.0056 | < 0.0001 | ||||||||||||
Normal | 1901 | 93.0 | 98 | 5.2 | 1803 | 94.8 | 2124 | 91.5 | 254 | 12.0 | 1870 | 88.0 | ||
Abnormal | 142 | 7.0 | 29 | 20.4 | 113 | 79.6 | 197 | 8.5 | 55 | 27.9 | 142 | 72.1 | ||
Satisfaction of Life | 0.0002 | < 0.0001 | ||||||||||||
Bad | 208 | 10.2 | 23 | 11.1 | 185 | 88.9 | 287 | 12.4 | 64 | 22.3 | 223 | 77.7 | ||
Normal | 1212 | 59.3 | 76 | 6.3 | 1136 | 93.7 | 1388 | 59.8 | 190 | 13.7 | 1198 | 86.3 | ||
Good | 623 | 30.5 | 28 | 4.5 | 595 | 95.5 | 646 | 27.8 | 55 | 8.5 | 591 | 91.5 |