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Table 2 Friedman RM ANOVA on ranks (Q) or one-way RM ANOVA (F) results for clinical tests at the 4-time points (t1–t4) for the intervention (STEP) and usual physiotherapy care (CTRL) groups. Significant results are in bold and significant multiple comparisons are also presented. The following results are given: Berg Balance Scale (BBS), Tinetti Performance Oriented Mobility Assessment (Tinetti), Mini motor test (MMT), 6-minute walking test (6MWT), 6-meter walking test (6mWT), and Timed Up and Go (TUG). Effect sizes are reported in the last column as Cohen’s f or Kendall’s W

From: Quasi-experimental pilot study to improve mobility and balance in recurrently falling nursing home residents by voluntary non-targeted side-stepping exercise intervention

 

t1 (baseline)

t2 (4 weeks)

t3 (8weeks)

t4 (follow-up)

 F(p) or Q(p)

 Significant post-hoc (p)

 Effect size f or W

Intervention (STEP) n = 11

TUG (s)

52.6±31

42.7±23

34.9±22

26.8±23

F=7.583(<0.001)

t1–t4 (<0.001), t1–t3 (0.020), t2–t4 (0.034)

f=0.87 (large)

6MWT (m)

105.4±88

137.0±83

157.7±111

134.9±87

F=6.255(0.002)

t1–t3 (0.001)

f=0.79 (large)

6mWT (s)

13.7[11.2–25.0]

14.0[9.6–24.0]

16.3[11.3–21.0]

18.1[12.0–22.9]

Q=0.491(0.921)

W=0.01 (negligible)

Tinetti (/28)

20[18–21]

19[18–24]

21[16–24]

17[11–20]

Q=13.690(0.003)

t3–t4 (0.009)

W=0.41 (large)

BBS (/56)

29[21–32]

28[19–31]

33[22–39]

21[14–28]

Q=20.611(<0.001)

t3–t4 (<0.001), t2–t3 (0.005), t1–t3 (0.041)

W=0.62 (large)

MMT (/20)

11[9–14]

12[11–13]

15[11–16]

13[10–16]

Q=12.949(0.005)

t2–t3 (0.012), t1–t3 (0.026)

W=0.39 (moderate)

Usual physiotherapy care (CTRL) n=11

TUG (s)

46.2±22

47.7±19

46.5±19

47.1±15

F=0.200(0.896)

f=0.14 (small)

6MWT (m)

112.6±56

115.8±38

115.7±54

114.8±44

F=0.152(0.928)

f=0.12 (small)

6mWT (s)

15.1[12.1–26.5]

16.9[12.7–24.5]

19.3[16.2–24.5]

18.1[14.9–26.5]

Q=7.691(0.053)

W=0.23 (small)

Tinetti (/28)

18[16–25]

19[18–24]

19[16–23]

19[15–24]

Q=6.000(0.112)

W=0.18 (small)

BBS (/56)

28[20–32]

29[22–31]

29[20–33]

28[21–33]

Q=3.487(0.322)

W=0.10 (small)

MMT (/20)

11[9–12]

10[9–12]

11[9–13]

11[9–13]

Q=3.792(0.285)

W=0.11 (small)

  1. Significant p-values are in bold