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Table 1 Participant’s characteristics, baseline (t1) assessment for usual care (CTRL) and side-stepping intervention (STEP) groups, and co-morbidities. Results are expressed as counts, mean±SD or median[q1–q3]. Walking aid (no (n) or yes (y)), aid type (crutch (c), walker (w), or verbal (v)), Elderly Mobility Scale (EMS, scored /20), Falls Risk Assessment Tool (FRAT, scored /20), Get-up early test (GUE, scored /4), Stops walking when talking (SWWT, no (n) or yes (y)). Katz category B: Physical dependent for bathing, dressing, transferring and/or toileting. Mental dependent, disoriented in time and space and dependent for bathing and/or dressing. Katz category Cd: Mental dependent, disoriented in time and space and diagnosed for dementia by a specialist physician. Physical dependent for bathing, dressing, transferring and/or toileting and/or feeding and incontinent

From: Quasi-experimental pilot study to improve mobility and balance in recurrently falling nursing home residents by voluntary non-targeted side-stepping exercise intervention

 

Usual care (CTRL)

n=11

Side-stepping intervention (STEP)

n=11

t/U/\(\bf \chi ^2\)

p

Sex (F/M)

10F/1M

9F/2M

\(\chi ^2\)=0.749

0.387

Age (years)

84±7

86±8

t=-0.652

0.522

Walking aid (y/n)

8y/3n

8y/3n

\(\chi ^2\)=0.234

0.629

Aid type (c,w,v)

6w/2v

1c/6w/2v

\(\chi ^2\)=9.472

0.149

Katz (A-D)

10B/1Cd

7B/4Cd

\(\chi ^2\)=0.088

0.766

EMS (/20)

13[9–14]

15[7–15]

U=42.0

0.233

FRAT (/20)

15[12–17]

13[11–17]

U=53.0

0.644

GUE (/4)

1[1–2]

0[0–2]

U=145.0

0.215

SWWT (y/n)

9y/2n

9y/2n

\(\chi ^2\)=0.076

0.782

TUG (s)

46.2±22

52.6±31

t=0.554

0.586

6MWT (m)

112.5±56

105.4±88

t=-0.225

0.824

6mWT (s)

18.3±7

18.9±11

t=0.143

0.888

Tinetti (/28)

18[16–25]

20[18–21]

U=52.5

0.618

BBS (/56)

28[20–32]

29[21–32]

U=60.0

1.000

MMT (/20)

11[9–12]

11[9–14]

U=56.5

0.816

MMSE<24 (N)

3

8

  

High blood pressure* (N)

2

8

  

Depression (N)

2

4

  

Dizziness (N)

1

0

  

Hypothyroidism (N)

1

2

  

Hypercholesterolemia (N)

2

2

  

Schizophrenia (N)

0

1

  

Heart disease (N)

1

1

  

Cancers (N)

2

1

  

Asthma (N)

1

0

  

Anemia (N)

0

1

  

Deafness (N)

0

1

  

Cardiac arrhythmia (N)

0

1

  

Insomnia (N)

0

1

  

Herpes infection (N)

0

1

  

Visual impairment (N)

1

1

  
  1. t-test (t) for age, TUG, 6MWT, and 6mWT; Mann-Whitney rank sum test (U) for EMS, FRAT, GUE, Tinetti, BBS, and MMT; Chi square (\(\chi ^2\)) for sex, walking aid, aid type, Katz, and SWWT. MMSE: Mini-Mental State Examination [50], * value>140/90 mmHg