Table 1 Baseline characteristics of the subjects according to the levels of physical activity in older adults

Number, n (%)

32,984 (32.23)

54,267 (53.02)

15,102 (14.75)

Age (year)

72.4 ± 4.2

71.6 ± 3.9

71.4 ± 3.6

Age group (year, n (%))

65–74

24,730 (74.98)

43,182 (79.57)

12,746 (84.4)

75–84

7,879 (23.89)

10,748 (19.81)

2,296 (15.2)

85-

375 (1.14)

337 (0.62)

60 (0.4)

Sex (male, n (%))

12,616 (38.25)

24,312 (44.8)

9,255 (61.28)

BMI (kg/m², n (%))

 < 18.5

1,289 (3.91)

1,726 (3.18)

331 (2.19)

18.5–24.9

20,027 (60.72)

33,120 (61.03)

9,437 (62.49)

 ≥ 25

11,668 (35.37)

1,9421 (35.79)

5,334 (35.32)

BMI (kg/m²)

23.95 ± 3.27

24.01 ± 3.07

24.02 ± 2.86

SBP (mmHg)

131.38 ± 16.56

130.45 ± 15.76

130.37 ± 15.38

Smoking, n (%)

Non-smoker

25,883 (78.47)

40,105 (73.9)

9,920 (65.69)

Ex-smoker

3,288 (9.97)

8,367 (15.42)

3,498 (23.16)

Current smoker

3,813 (11.56)

5,795 (10.68)

1,684 (11.15)

Alcohol, n (%)

6,541 (19.83)

13,749 (25.34)

5,234 (34.66)

CVD, n (%)

1,124 (3.41)

1,797 (3.31)

507 (3.36)

Heart disease, n (%)

2,546 (7.72)

4,417 (8.14)

1,205 (7.98)

Diabetes mellitus, n (%)

5,030 (15.25)

9,300 (17.14)

3,064 (20.29)

Hypertension, n (%)

16,963 (51.43)

29,302 (54)

8,284 (54.85)

Dyslipidemia, n (%)

1,604 (4.86)

3,662 (6.75)

1,117 (7.4)

Creatinine (mg/dL)

0.82 ± 0.17

0.84 ± 0.17

0.88 ± 0.17

eGFR (mL/min /1.73 m²)

79.08 ± 11.71

78.87 ± 11.57

78.68 ± 11.48

Fasting glucose (mg/dL)

102.74 ± 25.98

103.7 ± 26.14

105.5 ± 26.82

Total cholesterol (mg/dL)

197.19 ± 39.13

195.76 ± 38.29

192.95 ± 37.66

Income, n (%)

0–2

5,314 (16.11)

8,269 (15.24)

2,175 (14.4)

3–4

4,136 (12.54)

6,248 (11.51)

1,539 (10.19)

5–6

5,113 (15.5)

7,417 (13.67)

1,976 (13.08)

7–8

6,696 (20.3)

10,633 (19.59)

2,990 (19.8)

9–10

11,725 (35.55)

21,700 (39.99)

6,422 (42.52)