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Table 2 Cost of illness trends for the three cancer types

From: Cost of illness in a super-aged society—comparison of breast, lung, and prostate cancer in Japan

  

1996

1999

2002

2005

2008

2011

2014

2017

Population (thousand persons)

125,864

126,686

127,435

127,768

127,692

127,799

127,082

126,706

% of individuals aged ≥ 65 years

15.1%

16.7%

18.5%

20.2%

22.1%

23.3%

26.0%

27.7%

Breast Cancer

Number of deaths (persons)

7962

8949

9675

10,808

11,889

12,791

13,322

14,423

[% of individuals aged ≥ 65 years]

36.5%

38.0%

40.8%

44.0%

48.8%

52.1%

58.7%

63.6%

Number of incidence (persons)

30,713

35,183

41,960

50,695

65,085

81,319

87,202

104,379

[% of individuals aged ≥ 65 years]

27.9%

30.1%

32.0%

33.4%

36.0%

36.6%

42.0%

45.5%

Crude mortality/incidence rate

25.9%

25.4%

23.1%

21.3%

18.3%

15.7%

15.3%

13.8%

Average age at incidence (years)

56.3

57.4

58.2

59.0

59.5

60.0

60.9

61.9

Average age at death (years)

60.4

61.3

62.3

63.6

65.0

66.3

67.6

68.8

Direct cost (billion yen)

72.2

124.9

146.8

185.4

168.6

166.3

217.0

254.1

Morbidity cost (billion yen)

33.3

40.1

49.0

43.7

47.2

48.4

49.3

56.9

Mortality cost (billion yen)

334.7

362.2

438.0

459.1

480.0

533.8

523.8

592.7

% of individuals aged ≥ 65 years

10.1%

10.5%

13.4%

14.6%

17.5%

20.9%

24.2%

31.0%

Mortality cost per person (million yen)

42.0

40.5

45.3

42.5

40.4

41.7

39.3

41.1

COI (billion yen)

440.3

527.2

633.7

688.3

695.7

748.5

790.1

903.7

Lung Cancer

Number of deaths (persons)

36,931

41,350

50,643

50,360

55,143

58,876

73,389

73,883

[% of individuals aged ≥ 65 years]

76.9%

79.3%

81.4%

81.1%

82.5%

83.9%

86.8%

90.2%

Number of incidence (persons)

59,741

65,967

73,635

83,881

97,275

111,858

114,550

124,510

[% of individuals aged ≥ 65 years]

74.5%

75.6%

76.8%

75.8%

77.8%

77.5%

81.1%

83.9%

Crude mortality/incidence rate

61.8%

62.7%

68.8%

60.0%

56.7%

52.6%

64.1%

59.3%

Average age at incidence (years)

70.5

71.0

71.6

71.8

72.5

72.6

73.0

73.8

Average age at death (years)

71.5

72.3

73.7

73.8

74.4

75.1

75.7

76.8

Direct cost (billion yen)

116.3

186.1

208.6

262.7

244.3

278.2

317.3

399.9

Morbidity cost (billion yen)

36.2

47.6

53.8

58.3

58.0

56.1

55.3

52.3

Mortality cost (billion yen)

817.1

807.7

990.3

982.4

1050.6

1152.3

1131.8

1095.4

% of individuals aged ≥ 65 years

31.1%

33.2%

41.2%

40.4%

43.3%

50.1%

53.8%

63.7%

Mortality cost per person (million yen)

22.1

19.5

19.6

19.5

19.1

19.6

15.4

14.8

COI (billion yen)

969.6

1041.5

1252.7

1303.4

1352.9

1486.6

1504.5

1547.6

Prostate Cancer

Number of deaths (persons)

6009

7005

8105

9264

9989

10,823

11,507

12,869

[% of individuals aged ≥ 65 years]

91.4%

92.8%

93.0%

93.9%

94.9%

95.2%

96.2%

97.1%

Number of incidence (persons)

14,077

17,056

29,345

42,997

51,534

78,728

74,459

91,215

[% of individuals aged ≥ 65 years]

87.7%

88.0%

86.5%

84.3%

84.1%

82.8%

86.1%

88.1%

Crude mortality/incidence rate

42.7%

41.1%

27.6%

21.5%

19.4%

13.7%

15.5%

14.1%

Average age at incidence (years)

74.5

74.4

73.6

72.6

72.8

72.6

73.1

74.0

Average age at death (years)

77.2

77.7

77.9

78.3

78.8

79.3

79.9

80.7

Direct cost (billion yen)

68.7

83.9

97.0

164.2

195.9

219.3

253.1

279.6

Morbidity cost (billion yen)

6.3

7.9

10.7

16.9

17.5

17.9

17.7

18.7

Mortality cost (billion yen)

64.6

70.5

80.0

86.0

87.2

89.0

88.7

92.5

% of individuals aged ≥ 65 years

66.8%

70.7%

70.2%

73.0%

74.8%

76.6%

79.8%

82.0%

Mortality cost per person (million yen)

10.7

10.1

9.9

9.3

8.7

8.2

7.7

7.2

COI (billion yen)

139.6

162.3

187.6

267.0

300.6

326.2

359.5

390.8

  1. Source of population data: Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications “Population Estimates.”
  2. Source of the number of cancer deaths: “Vital Statistics.”
  3. Source of the number of incidence cases: Center for Cancer Control and Information Services, National Cancer Center, Japan
  4. Average age at incidence: Calculated according to the number of incidence
  5. Average age at death: Calculated according to the number of deaths, sex, age (5-year-old age-grade), and cause of death in “Vital Statistics.”