Table 3 Hierarchical multinomial logit regression for exercise

Exercise: Some days vs. none

 1. Demographic

  Gender

   Male

–

–

–

   Female

0.93 (0.57– 1.52)

0.82 (0.49 -1.38)

0.84 (0.50–1.41)

  Age

   60 – 70

–

–

–

   71 – 80

1.74 (1.02–2.97)*

1.78 (1.03–3.08)*

1.71 (0.99–2.99)

   81 – 100

0.66 (0.32–1.38)

0.64 (0.30–1.37)

0.59 (0.27–1.27)

  Education

   Did not attend school

–

–

–

   Primary school

1.39 (0.72–2.69)

1.33 (0.66–2.65)

1.36 (0.68–2.74)

   Secondary school

1.67 (0.85–3.29)

1.62 (0.80–3.30)

1.59 (0.78–3.26)

   University

4.82 (1.59–14.66)**

4.31 (1.38–13.41)*

4.33 (1.39–13.53)*

  Flat type

   3-room

–

–

–

   4/5-room

1.25 (0.75–2.10)

1.23 (0.72–2.10)

1.01 (0.56–1.83)

 2. Health status

  Multimorbidity

   None

–

–

–

   1 or 2

1.16 (0.63–2.12)

1.18 (0.65–2.17)

   3 or more

1.32 (0.73–2.38)

1.41 (0.77–2.58)

  Psychological distress

1.00 (0.95–1.06)

1.01 (0.95–1.06)

  Social networks

1.09 (1.04–1.14)***

1.09 (1.04–1.14)***

  Community attachment

1.07 (0.99–1.15)

1.07 (0.99–1.15)

 3. Built environment

  Park distance

0.95 (0.86–1.06)

  Kopitiam distance

1.21 (0.89–1.62)

Exercise: Every day vs. none

 1. Demographic

  Gender

   Male

–

–

–

   Female

0.78 (0.48–1.30)

0.66 (0.39–1.12)

0.67 (0.40–1.14)

  Age

   60 – 70

–

–

–

   71 – 80

2.57 (1.48–4.47)***

2.60 (1.47–4.59)***

2.44 (1.37–4.34)**

   81 – 100

1.39 (0.69–2.81)

1.36 (0.66–2.84)

1.23 (0.59–2.58)

  Education

   Did not attend school

–

–

–

   Primary school

1.14 (0.59–2.23)

1.04 (0.52–2.10)

1.11 (0.54–2.25)

   Secondary school

1.43 (0.72–2.83)

1.37 (0.68–2.82)

1.34 (0.65–2.77)

   University

3.82 (1.24–11.82)*

3.29 (1.04–10.35)*

3.33 (1.05–10.54)*

  Flat type

   3-room

–

–

–

   4/5-room

1.91 (1.13–3.20)*

1.75 (1.03–3.00)*

1.30 (0.72–2.36)

 2. Health status

  Multimorbidity

   None

–

–

   1 or 2

1.25 (0.68–2.32)

1.28 (0.69–2.37)

   3 or more

1.25 (0.68–2.89)

1.39 (0.75–2.59)

  Psychological distress

0.91 (0.85–0.97)**

0.92 (0.86–0.98)*

  Social networks

1.06 (1.01–1.11)*

1.06 (1.01–1.11)*

  Community attachment

1.04 (0.96–1.13)

1.04 (0.97–1.13)

 3. Built environment

  Park distance

0.90 (0.82–1.00)

  Kopitiam distance

1.21 (0.89 – 1.64)

McFadden’s Pseudo R²

0.036

0.078

0.084

∆ R²

–

0.042

0.006