Table 2 Participant’s characteristics stratified by frailty
| Â | Â | Total (n = 701) | Frailty Status | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Non-frail (n = 173) | Frail (n = 528) | ||||
Delirium, n (%) | Â | 165 (23.5) | 31 (17.9) | 134 (25.4) | |
Type of surgery, n (%) | Cardiac | Â | 296 (42.2) | 94 (54.3) | 202 (38.3) |
Orthopedic | Â | 405 (57.8) | 79 (45.7) | 326 (61.7) | |
Age (years), mean (SD) | Â | 77.1 (4.7) | 75.6 (4.5) | 77.5 (4.7) | |
Male, n (%) | Â | 367 (52.4) | 106 (61.3) | 261 (49.4) | |
Education > 10Â years, n (%) | Â | 139 (19.8) | 47 (27.2) | 92 (17.4) | |
Alcohol scorea, median (Q1|Q3) | Â | 0.34 (0.12|0.69) | 0.41 (0.17|0.86) | 0.29 (0.05|0.62) | |
Living alone, n (%) | Â | 193 (27.5) | 32 (18.5) | 161 (30.5) | |
Fall in last 3Â months, n (%) | Â | 106 (15.1) | 9 (5.2) | 97 (18.4) | |
Mobility (MNA), n (%) | Goes out | Â | 638 (91.0) | 172 (99.4) | 466 (88.3) |
Gets out of bed/ chair, does not go out | Â | 57 (8.1) | 1 (0.6) | 56 (10.6) | |
Bed or chair bound | Â | 6 (0.9) | 0 | 6 (1.1) | |
Comorbidities, n (%) | Dementia | Â | 11 (1.6) | 0 | 11 (2.1) |
Tumor | Â | 162 (23.1) | 21 (12.1) | 141 (26.7) | |
Urinary incontinence | None | 633 (90.3) | 167 (96.5) | 466 (88.3) | |
Occasional | 60 (8.6) | 6 (3.5) | 54 (10.2) | ||
Incontinent | 8 (1.1) | 0 | 8 (1.5) | ||
Hypertension | Â | 533 (76.0) | 98 (56.6) | 435 (82.4) | |
CVD | Â | 441 (62.9) | 72 (41.6) | 369 (69.9) | |
Chronic lung disease | Â | 80 (11.4) | 12 (6.9) | 68 (12.9) | |
GI ulcer | Â | 67 (9.6) | 6 (3.5) | 61 (11.6) | |
Osteoarthritis | Mono | 281 (40.1) | 58 (33.5) | 223 (42.2) | |
Poly | 122 (17.4) | 18 (10.4) | 104 (19.7) | ||
Diabetes mellitus | No EOD | 139 (19.8) | 20 (11.6) | 119 (22.5) | |
With EOD | 27 (3.8) | 0 | 27 (5.1) | ||
Liver disease | Light | 40 (5.7) | 5 (2.9) | 35 (6.6) | |
Moderate to severe | 16 (2.3) | 2 (1.2) | 14 (2.7) | ||
Sensory deficits, n (%) | Visual | Â | 140 (20.0) | 22 (12.7) | 118 (22.3) |
Whisper Test | Only one side correct | 135 (19.3) | 21 (12.1) | 114 (21.6) | |
None correct | 157 (22.4) | 28 (16.2) | 129 (24.4) | ||
Weight loss, n (%) | 1 to 3Â kg | Â | 133 (19.0) | 23 (13.3) | 110 (20.8) |
> 3Â kg | Â | 140 (20.0) | 10 (5.8) | 130 (24.6) | |
GFR (ml/min/1.73m2), median (Q1|Q3) | Â | 71.8 (57.2|85.0) | 75.9 (65.8|86.2) | 70.3 (53.7|83.8) | |
BMI (kg/m2), median (Q1|Q3) | Â | 26.8 (24.1|29.9) | 25.7 (23.4|28.1) | 27.2 (24.4|30.4) | |
Anemiab, n (%) | Female | Â | 72 (21.6) | 3 (4.5) | 69 (25.8) |
Male | Â | 114 (31.1) | 15 (14.2) | 99 (37.9) | |
Polypharmacy, n (%) | Â | 467 (66.6) | 69 (39.9) | 398 (75.4) | |
Barthel Index (points)c, n(%) | ≥ 85 |  | 636 (90.7) | 173 (100.0) | 463 (87.7) |
35 to 80 | Â | 56 (8.0) | 0 | 56 (10.6) | |
0 to 30 | Â | 9 (1.3) | 0 | 9 (1.7) | |
Subjective memory impairment, n (%) | Â | 344 (49.1) | 51 (29.5) | 293 (55.5) | |
General health (SF-12), n (%) | Excellent to good | Â | 453 (64.6) | 159 (91.9) | 294 (55.7) |
Fair | Â | 208 (29.7) | 14 (8.1) | 194 (36.7) | |
Poor | Â | 40 (5.7) | 0 | 40 (7.6) | |
TUG (sec), median (Q1|Q3) (n = 555) |  | 12.0 (9.0|16.0) | 10.0 (8.0|12.5) | 12.0 (9.6|18.0) | |
Handgrip strength (kg), median (Q1|Q3) | Female (n = 299) | Â | 21.0 (18.0|25.0) | 23.0 (18.0|26.0) | 21.0 (17.0|24.0) |
Male (n = 334) | Â | 36.0 (30.0|42.0) | 38.0 (32.5|43.5) | 34.0 (30.0|41.3) | |
Length of stay, median (min, q1, q3, max) | 9 (2,8,12,174) | 9 (3,8,11,56) | 10 (2,8,13,74) | ||