| Age- and sex-adjusted Model | Multivariable-adjusted Model 1a | Multivariable-adjusted Model 2 b | Multivariable-adjusted Model 3 c | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
β coefficients d (95% CI) | P-value | β coefficients d (95% CI) | P-value | β coefficients d (95% CI) | P-value | β coefficients d (95% CI) | P-value | |
Loneliness e | ||||||||
 Q1 (low) | Reference |  | Reference |  | Reference |  | Reference |  |
 Q2 | -0.73 (-2.46 to 1.00) | 0.41 | -0.24 (-1.58 to 1.10) | 0.72 | -0.18 (-1.50 to 1.15) | 0.79 | -0.21 (-1.54 to 1.12) | 0.76 |
 Q3 | -0.98 (-2.59 to 0.64) | 0.24 | -1.41 (-2.69 to -0.14) | 0.03 | -1.24 (-2.50 to 0.03) | 0.06 | -1.11 (-2.41 to 0.18) | 0.09 |
 Q4 (high) | -2.32 (-3.94 to -0.69) | 0.01 | -1.32 (-2.61 to -0.02) | 0.046 | -1.08 (-2.37 to 0.21) | 0.10 | -1.07 (-2.38 to 0.24) | 0.11 |
Association trend f | -0.09 (-0.15 to -0.03) | 0.01 | -0.05 (-0.10 to -0.01) | 0.03 | -0.04 (-0.09 to 0.00) | 0.07 | -0.04 (-0.09 to 0.01) | 0.09 |
Personal feelings of isolation g | ||||||||
 Low | Reference |  | Reference |  | Reference |  | Reference |  |
 High | -1.44 (-2.63 to -0.25) | 0.02 | -1.26 (-2.22 to -0.31) | 0.01 | -1.09 (-2.04 to -0.13) | 0.03 | -0.97 (-1.95 to 0.01) | 0.053 |
Lack of relational connectedness h | ||||||||
 Low | Reference |  | Reference |  | Reference |  | Reference |  |
 High | -1.48 (-2.68 to -0.29) | 0.02 | -0.93 (-1.87 to 0.00) | 0.051 | -0.72 (-1.66 to 0.22) | 0.13 | -0.71 (-1.65 to 0.24) | 0.14 |
Lack of collective connectedness i | ||||||||
 Low | Reference |  | Reference |  | Reference |  | Reference |  |
 High | -1.19 (-2.48 to 0.09) | 0.07 | -0.01 (-1.63 to 0.42) | 0.25 | -0.57 (-1.58 to 0.44) | 0.27 | -0.48 (-1.51 to 0.54) | 0.35 |