Table 1 Details of each study setting
UK SITE | SWISS SITE | NETHERLANDS SITE | |
|---|---|---|---|
NO. OF BEDS | Approx. 80 | Approx. 120 | Approx. 50 |
SITE LAYOUT | • 2 sites (one residential and nursing, one dementia only) • Site 1 (dementia): 2 floors. Both combination of resident bedrooms and communal space (living/dining room) • Site 2 (Residential & Nursing): 3 floors. Upper 2 floors resident bedrooms, ground floor combination of resident bedrooms and 2 communal spaces (living/dining room) | • 3 floors of resident rooms, each with north and south section of bedrooms and a communal dining area • 1 closed dementia unit (north section of 1st floor) • Activity suite (for group activities), outdoor terrace, physical activity/physiotherapy suite (4th floor) • Separate restaurant (Ground floor) – accessible by residents and visitors | • 3 floors, each with resident bedrooms and a communal area (living/dining area and kitchen) • Separate restaurant/café (ground floor) – accessible by residents, visitors and local guests • Separate guest house for small number of residents with advanced dementia |
DINING ROOM LAYOUT | • Site 1: 1 dining room per floor for up to 12 residents (tables seat 4–6 residents) • Site 2: large dining room = up to 30 residents (tables seat 6 residents), small dining room = up to 8 residents), tables seat 4 residents. 2 care staff providing service in both areas simultaneously | • Communal restaurant: up to 60 residents and guests when not under infection control procedures (tables seat 2–4 residents). Designated catering staff serving meals • Small dining areas: 1–2 per floor for up to 18 residents per area (tables seat 2–4 residents). Min. 2 care staff per floor | • Communal restaurant: seats up to 50 residents and guests, tables set for numbers as requested. Designated catering staff serving meals • Small dining areas: 1 per floor for up to 16 residents (one table for up to 12 residents and one seating 4). 3–5 care staff per floor |
TOTAL RESIDENTS RECRUITED | • 11 residents, including PLWD • Age range 69 – 99; female: n = 7, male: n = 4 | • 14 residents, including PLWD • Age range 69 – 99; female: n = 8, male: n = 6 | • 9 residents, including PLWD • Age range 84 – 93; female: n = 5, male: n = 4 |
DATA COLLECTION TIMEFRAME | • August – October 2021 • Early and late shifts (breakfast, lunch and dinner) • Weekdays and weekends | • October 2020 – March 2021 • Early and late shifts (breakfast, lunch and dinner) • Weekdays | • October – December 2021 • Early and late shifts (breakfast, lunch and dinner) • Weekdays |
COVID-19 RESTRICTIONS IN PLACE FOR STAFF DURING DATA COLLECTION | • Wearing surgical mask, hand hygiene • Each staff tested 1x/shift (LFT) and 1x/week (PCR) | • Wearing surgical mask (changed to FFP2 mask during cases of COVID-19), hand hygiene | • Masks (surgical) worn only during COVID-19 cases, hand hygiene |
COVID-19 RESTRICTIONS IN PLACE FOR RESIDENTS DURING DATA COLLECTION | • If single COVID-19 case on site: resident isolated to room, no access to LTRC home • 10 day quarantine period for new admissions • No COVID-19 cases: no restrictions, but visitors not permitted inside LTRC home | • No restrictions in movement on COVID-free units • Units with COVID-19 positive residents: residents restricted to rooms, unit closed to visitors, residents not allowed to communal dining room • 10 day quarantine for new admissions | • No restrictions in movement No quarantine period required for new admissions • Visitors permitted throughout LTRC home |
ETHNOGRAPHIC METHODS USED IN DATA COLLECTION | • Interviews • Observations • Informal Conversations | • Interviews • Telephone Interviews (during COVID-19 isolation) • Observations • Informal Conversations | • Observations • Informal Conversations |
RESEARCH TEAM INVOLVED IN DATA COLLECTION | • MD | • NP • SSt • MD • SS | • MD • SSt • KR |