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Table 5 Association between the frequency of preceding low back pain and onset of low physical function

From: Association between low back pain and functional disability in the elderly people: a 4-year longitudinal study after the great East Japan earthquake

 

Frequency of low back pain at the second time point

 

Total

Absence

1

2

P for trend

Participants without low physical function at the second time point

615

418

135

62

 

Onset of low physical function at the third time point, n (%)

112 (18.2)

53 (12.7)

39 (28.9)

20 (32.3)

 

Crude OR (95%CI)

 

1 (Ref.)

2.80 (1.75–4.48)

3.28 (1.79–6.01)

<  0.001

Adjusted OR (95%CI)

 

1 (Ref.)

2.44 (1.42–4.19)

3.33 (1.56–7.10)

0.001

  1. Adjusted for sex, age, body mass index, living area, smoking habits, drinking habits, comorbid conditions, working status, walking time, living status, subjective economic condition, psychological distress, sleep disturbance, and social isolation. OR Odds ratio, CI Confidence interval