Low back pain | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
n (%) | absence | presence | P value | |
914 | 653 | 261 | ||
Sex | ||||
Male | 396 (43.3) | 289 (44.3) | 107 (41.0) | 0.369 |
Female | 518 (56.7) | 364 (55.7) | 154 (59.0) | |
Age | ||||
< 75 | 276 (30.2) | 200 (30.6) | 76 (29.1) | 0.654 |
≥ 75 | 638 (69.8) | 453 (69.4) | 185 (70.9) | |
Body mass indexa | ||||
≥ 18.5, < 25 | 530 (58.0) | 384 (58.8) | 146 (55.9) | 0.048 |
< 18.5 | 27 (3.0) | 24 (3.7) | 3 (1.1) | |
≥ 25 | 308 (33.7) | 207 (31.7) | 101 (38.7) | |
Living area | ||||
Ogatsu | 396 (43.3) | 279 (42.7) | 117 (44.8) | 0.508 |
Oshika | 301 (32.9) | 221 (33.8) | 80 (30.7) | |
Ajishima | 88 (9.6) | 66 (10.1) | 22 (8.4) | |
Wakabayashi | 129 (14.1) | 87 (13.3) | 42 (16.1) | |
Smoking habitsa | ||||
Non-smoker | 799 (87.4) | 581 (89.0) | 218 (83.5) | 0.049 |
Smoker | 60 (6.6) | 40 (6.1) | 20 (7.7) | |
Drinking habitsa | ||||
Non-drinker | 581 (63.6) | 408 (62.5) | 173 (66.3) | 0.088 |
< 45.6 g of alcohol/dayb | 164 (17.9) | 130 (19.9) | 34 (13.0) | |
≥ 45.6 g of alcohol/dayb | 46 (5.0) | 30 (4.6) | 16 (6.1) | |
Comorbid conditions | ||||
Hypertension | 539 (59.0) | 366 (56.0) | 173 (66.3) | 0.004 |
Diabetes mellitus | 119 (13.0) | 81 (12.4) | 38 (14.6) | 0.382 |
Myocardial infarction | 104 (11.4) | 61 (9.3) | 43 (16.5) | 0.002 |
Cerebral stroke | 28 (3.1) | 18 (2.8) | 10 (3.8) | 0.394 |
Working statusa | ||||
Unemployed | 696 (76.1) | 503 (77.0) | 193 (73.9) | 0.103 |
Employed | 179 (19.6) | 128 (19.6) | 51 (19.5) | |
Walking time/daya | ||||
≥ 1 h | 201 (22.0) | 154 (23.6) | 47 (18.0) | 0.013 |
30 min to < 1 h | 353 (38.6) | 257 (39.4) | 96 (36.8) | |
< 30 m | 333 (36.4) | 219 (33.5) | 114 (43.7) | |
Living statusa | ||||
Same house as before the GEJE | 299 (32.7) | 222 (34.0) | 77 (29.5) | 0.375 |
Prefabricated house | 83 (9.1) | 54 (8.3) | 29 (11.1) | |
New house | 242 (26.5) | 177 (27.1) | 65 (24.9) | |
Others | 254 (27.8) | 174 (26.6) | 80 (30.7) | |
Economic conditiona | ||||
Normal | 503 (55.0) | 374 (57.3) | 129 (49.4) | 0.003 |
A little hard | 195 (21.3) | 140 (21.4) | 55 (21.1) | |
Hard | 142 (15.5) | 86 (13.2) | 56 (21.5) | |
Very hard | 52 (5.7) | 33 (5.1) | 19 (7.3) | |
Psychological distressa | ||||
Absence | 774 (84.7) | 573 (87.7) | 201 (77.0) | < 0.001 |
Presence | 108 (11.8) | 55 (8.4) | 53 (20.3) | |
Sleep disturbancea | ||||
Absence | 605 (66.2) | 483 (74.0) | 122 (46.7) | < 0.001 |
Presence | 303 (33.2) | 164 (25.1) | 139 (53.3) | |
Social isolationa | ||||
Absence | 702 (76.8) | 507 (77.6) | 195 (74.7) | 0.31 |
Presence | 209 (22.9) | 143 (21.9) | 66 (25.3) |