Table 1 Clinical and demographic characteristics of participants
Variables | All participants (n = 62) | mild-AD (CDR = 1) (n = 22) | moderate-AD (CDR = 2) (n = 20) | without-AD (n = 20) | Difference between three groups (p-value) | **Post-hoc analysis (p-value) | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
mild-AD versus without-AD | moderate-AD versus without-AD | mild-AD versus moderate-AD | ||||||
Age, years,\(\stackrel{-}{\text{X}}\)(SD) (range) | 77.9 (6.1) (66–91) | 77.9 (5.3) (66–86) | 81.6 (6.2) (67–91) | 74.3 (4.5) (66–84) | 0.001* | 0.093 | 0.001* | 0.074 |
Sex, n (%) | 40 F / 22 M | 15 F / 7 M | 15 F / 5 M | 10 F / 10 M | 0.231 | - | - | - |
Weight, kg,\(\stackrel{-}{\text{X}}\)(SD) | 66.3 (11.6) | 65.1 (12.3) | 63.7 (12.0) | 70.1 (9.8) | 0.185 | - | - | - |
Height, m,\(\stackrel{-}{\text{X}}\)(SD) | 1.6 (0.1) | 1.6 (0.1) | 1.5 (0.1) | 1.6 (0.1) | 0.139 | - | - | - |
BMI, kg/m2,\(\stackrel{-}{\text{X}}\)(SD) | 26.3 (3.5) | 25.8 (3.8) | 26.2 (3.3) | 26.8 (3.4) | 0.649 | - | - | - |
Lower limb dominance, n, right/left | 57 R / 5 L | 20 R / 2 L | 18 R / 2 L | 19 R / 1 L | 0.825 | - | - | - |
MMSE (0–30),\(\stackrel{-}{\text{X}}\)(SD) (range) | 21.8 (5.3) (9–30) | 21.7 (2.5) (17–25) | 16.0 (4.0) (9–25) | 27.7 (1.5) (25–30) | 0.001* | 0.001* | 0.001* | 0.001* |
Grip strength, kgf,\(\stackrel{-}{\text{X}}\)(SD) | 23.0 (8.9) | 21.9 (7.5) | 18.2 (8.0) | 29.1 (8.2) | 0.001* | 0.002* | 0.001* | 0.151 |
GDS (0–15),\(\stackrel{-}{\text{X}}\)(SD) | 2.8 (2.4) | 3.8 (2.7) | 2.5 (1.9) | 2.0 (2.1) | 0.047* | 0.019 | 0.252 | 0.133 |
MBQ,\(\stackrel{-}{\text{X}}\)(SD) | 5.7 (4.6) | 4.5 (3.2) | 4.2 (3.3) | 8.5 (5.7) | 0.010* | 0.012* | 0.007* | 0.678 |