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Table 2 Relative risks with 95% confidence intervals for the associations between the results of the chair-stand test and incidence of type 2 diabetes: the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe (SHARE)

From: Lower body muscle strength, dynapenic obesity and risk of type 2 diabetes –longitudinal results on the chair-stand test from the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe (SHARE)

Chair-stand test

N

n (%)c

Person years

Incidence rates per 1000 person years

Relative risks (95% CI)

Model 1

Model 2

Model 3

Not safea

6587

725 (11.0%)

32,480

22.3

2.18 (1.95–2.43)

2.11 (1.88–2.36)

1.32 (1.17–1.48)

Q1 (≥ 12.01 seconds in men, ≥ 13.5 seconds in women)b

9893

857 (8.7%)

51,310

16.7

1.71 (1.54–1.91)

1.65 (1.48–1.85)

1.23 (1.10–1.37)

Q2 (≥ 10.0, <  12.01 seconds in men; ≥ 10.54, <  13.5 seconds in women)b

10,161

739 (7.3%)

51,953

14.2

1.44 (1.29–1.61)

1.40 (1.25–1.57)

1.19 (1.06–1.33)

Q3 (≥ 8.0, <  10.0 seconds in men; ≥ 8.24, <  10.54 seconds in women)b

9806

595 (6.1%)

53,648

11.1

1.20 (1.07–1.35)

1.19 (1.06–1.33)

1.08 (0.96–1.21)

Q4 (reference) (<  8.0 seconds in men, <  8.24 seconds in women)b

9672

489 (5.1%)

54,256

9.0

1

1

1

  1. Model 1: crude
  2. Model 2: adjusted for age and sex
  3. Model 3: adjusted for age, sex, BMI, physical activity, number of chronic diseases, education, country
  4. CI Confidence interval, Q1, Q2, Q3, Q4 Time needed for the CST-5 in seconds in the highest (Q1), second highest (Q2), second lowest (Q3), or lowest quartile (Q4)
  5. aParticipants considered the test as not safe and did not perform the test
  6. bTime in seconds refers to the time needed for 5 sits and stands in the chair-stand test
  7. cCases of incident diabetes