Table 1 Baseline characteristics of participants

Age, year, Median

81

  < 80, n (%)

282(46.53)

  ≥ 80, n (%)

324(53.47)

Sex, n (%)

 male

355(58.58)

 female

251(41.42)

Smoking history, n (%)

 no

392(65.01)

 yes

211(34.99)

Drinking history, n (%)

 no

473(78.57)

 yes

129(21.43)

BMI, kg/m², n (%)

  < 24

517(85.45)

  ≥ 24

88(14.55)

Number of chronic diseases, Mean ± SD

1.97 ± 1.31

GCS score, median

15

Blood urea nitrogen, median

6

SBP, mmHg, n (%)

  ≥ 90

595(98.18)

  < 90

11(1.82)

DBP, mmHg, n (%)

  > 60

514(84.82)

  ≤ 60

92(15.18)

Breathing rate, n (%)

  < 30

590(97.36)

  ≥ 30

116(2.64)

AST/ALT, median

1.48

Cr/ CysC*100, Mean ± SD

64.13 ± 18.89