Variables | CERAD word learning subtest | AFT | DSST | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Normal cognitive performance group (N = 1526) | Low cognitive performance group (N = 1011) | P | Normal cognitive performance group (N = 1517) | Low cognitive performance group (N = 1020) | P | Normal cognitive performance group (N = 1535) | Low cognitive performance group (N = 1002) | P | |
LCD score, Mean (S.E) | 11.38 (0.23) | 10.38 (0.29) | 0.001 | 11.16 (0.23) | 10.75 (0.36) | 0.295 | 11.18 (0.24) | 10.66 (0.34) | 0.174 |
Carbohydrate intake score, Mean (S.E) | 3.73 (0.11) | 3.32 (0.14) | 0.005 | 3.67 (0.11) | 3.43 (0.16) | 0.152 | 3.69 (0.11) | 3.36 (0.15) | 0.046 |
Fat intake score, Mean (S.E) | 4.63 (0.11) | 4.38 (0.15) | 0.108 | 4.52 (0.10) | 4.58 (0.16) | 0.675 | 4.58 (0.11) | 4.44 (0.16) | 0.388 |
Protein intake score, Mean (S.E) | 3.02 (0.10) | 2.68 (0.14) | 0.038 | 2.98 (0.09) | 2.74 (0.13) | 0.122 | 2.91 (0.09) | 2.86 (0.14) | 0.757 |
Gender, n (%) | 0.865 | < 0.001 | 0.003 | ||||||
Male | 713 (46.09) | 532 (46.49) | 802 (49.97) | 443 (39.23) | 755 (48.96) | 490 (40.16) | |||
Female | 813 (53.91) | 479 (53.51) | 715 (50.03) | 577 (60.77) | 780 (51.04) | 512 (59.84) | |||
Age, years, Mean (S.E) | 68.06 (0.21) | 70.63 (0.37) | < 0.001 | 68.43 (0.21) | 70.03 (0.35) | < 0.001 | 68.45 (0.21) | 70.18 (0.37) | < 0.001 |
Race, n (%) | 0.255 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | ||||||
Mexican American | 123 (2.80) | 91 (3.70) | 143 (3.12) | 71 (3.13) | 108 (2.27) | 106 (5.02) | |||
Other Hispanic | 141 (2.98) | 108 (4.13) | 147 (3.02) | 102 (4.08) | 109 (2.13) | 140 (6.21) | |||
Non-Hispanic White | 743 (81.45) | 526 (80.41) | 806 (83.69) | 463 (76.17) | 846 (84.58) | 423 (73.27) | |||
Non-Hispanic Black | 370 (7.84) | 222 (7.83) | 304 (6.08) | 288 (11.14) | 306 (5.84) | 286 (12.29) | |||
Other Race: Including Multi-Racial | 149 (4.93) | 64 (3.93) | 117 (4.09) | 96 (5.48) | 166 (5.18) | 47 (3.22) | |||
Education, n (%) | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | ||||||
Less than high school | 269 (10.33) | 339 (23.47) | 283 (10.84) | 325 (23.01) | 185 (8.54) | 423 (29.61) | |||
High school and above | 1257 (89.67) | 672 (76.53) | 1234 (89.16) | 695 (76.99) | 1350 (91.46) | 579 (70.39) | |||
Marital status, n (%) | 0.008 | 0.007 | < 0.001 | ||||||
Married | 870 (65.58) | 544 (59.55) | 876 (65.64) | 538 (59.22) | 917 (67.10) | 497 (55.16) | |||
Divorced | 244 (13.72) | 226 (19.65) | 243 (13.71) | 227 (19.89) | 235 (13.23) | 235 (21.71) | |||
Separated | 249 (13.25) | 125 (11.92) | 226 (12.79) | 148 (12.74) | 228 (12.57) | 146 (13.21) | |||
Othera | 163 (7.45) | 116 (8.88) | 172 (7.87) | 107 (8.15) | 155 (7.09) | 124 (9.92) | |||
Household income, $, Mean (S.E) | 48,459.93 (1147.74) | 40,649.94 (1155.73) | < 0.001 | 48,165.23 (1176.77) | 40,912.60 (1118.19) | < 0.001 | 48,623.77 (1220.00) | 39,005.55 (1162.59) | < 0.001 |
BMI, kg/m2, Mean (S.E) | 28.95 (0.24) | 29.38 (0.31) | 0.125 | 28.85 (0.21) | 29.59 (0.36) | 0.023 | 28.83 (0.24) | 29.71 (0.38) | 0.039 |
Waistline, cm, Mean (S.E) | 101.99 (0.61) | 103.49 (0.84) | 0.102 | 102.22 (0.53) | 103.13 (0.90) | 0.272 | 102.11 (0.61) | 103.50 (1.00) | 0.211 |
Diabetes, n (%) | 0.037 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | ||||||
Yes | 322 (17.39) | 260 (21.94) | 309 (16.47) | 273 (23.84) | 291 (16.01) | 291 (25.76) | |||
No | 1132 (78.47) | 705 (73.74) | 1133 (79.24) | 704 (72.11) | 1169 (79.81) | 668 (69.99) | |||
Borderline | 72 (4.14) | 46 (4.32) | 75 (4.28) | 43 (4.05) | 75 (4.18) | 43 (4.25) | |||
Hypertension, n (%) | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | ||||||
Yes | 902 (53.11) | 676 (66.66) | 875 (53.72) | 703 (66.02) | 889 (52.99) | 689 (69.15) | |||
No | 624 (46.89) | 335 (33.34) | 642 (46.28) | 317 (33.98) | 646 (47.01) | 313 (30.85) | |||
Congestive heart failure, n (%) | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | ||||||
Yes | 71 (4.22) | 102 (10.60) | 77 (4.61) | 96 (10.10) | 74 (4.51) | 99 (11.00) | |||
No | 1455 (95.78) | 909 (89.40) | 1440 (95.39) | 924 (89.90) | 1461 (95.49) | 903 (89.00) | |||
Coronary heart disease, n (%) | 0.003 | 0.036 | 0.052 | ||||||
Yes | 113 (7.56) | 120 (13.12) | 125 (8.40) | 108 (11.76) | 127 (8.47) | 106 (12.00) | |||
No | 1413 (92.44) | 891 (86.88) | 1392 (91.60) | 912 (88.24) | 1408 (91.53) | 896 (88.00) | |||
Heart disease, n (%) | < 0.001 | 0.040 | < 0.001 | ||||||
Yes | 120 (7.41) | 100 (10.92) | 122 (7.82) | 98 (10.29) | 110 (7.23) | 110 (11.90) | |||
No | 1406 (92.59) | 911 (89.08) | 1395 (92.18) | 922 (89.71) | 1425 (92.77) | 892 (88.10) | |||
Stroke, n (%) | < 0.001 | 0.005 | < 0.001 | ||||||
Yes | 75 (4.73) | 91 (7.97) | 73 (4.83) | 93 (7.91) | 66 (4.31) | 100 (9.44) | |||
No | 1451 (95.27) | 920 (92.03) | 1444 (95.17) | 927 (92.09) | 1469 (95.69) | 902 (90.56) | |||
Magnesium, mg, Mean (S.E) | 305.39 (6.22) | 269.36 (5.16) | < 0.001 | 303.64 (5.88) | 266.84 (6.86) | < 0.001 | 306.24 (6.48) | 264.74 (5.46) | < 0.001 |
Calcium, mg, Mean (S.E) | 915.89 (20.49) | 858.58 (20.75) | 0.029 | 912.27 (20.29) | 858.26 (24.52) | 0.081 | 914.23 (20.80) | 861.38 (24.13) | 0.087 |
Vitamin D, mcg, Mean (S.E) | 5.05 (0.17) | 4.84 (0.22) | 0.511 | 5.00 (0.14) | 5.00 (0.31) | 0.994 | 4.98 (0.17) | 5.07 (0.28) | 0.803 |
Psychotropic medication, n (%) | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | ||||||
No | 1346 (99.79) | 777 (97.76) | 1318 (99.78) | 805 (97.75) | 1346 (99.75) | 777 (97.51) | |||
Yes | 3 (0.21) | 16 (2.24) | 2 (0.22) | 17 (2.25) | 4 (0.25) | 15 (2.49) |