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Table 2 Associations of housework participation with prefrailty/frailty at follow up

From: Longitudinal associations of housework with frailty and mortality in older adults: Singapore Longitudinal Ageing Study 2

  

Total a

Men b

Women b

Exposed,

N

Prefrailty/ frailty, N (%)

OR (95%CI)

p value

Exposed,

N

Prefrailty/ frailty, N (%)

OR (95%CI)

p value

Exposed, N

Prefrailty/ frailty N (%)

OR (95%CI)

p value

Light housework (cut-off ≥420 min/week)

 All ages

Low at BL & FU

746

292 (39.1)

1 (Ref)

NA

469

167 (35.6)

1 (Ref)

NA

277

125 (45.1)

1 (Ref)

NA

High at BL or FU only

1308

450 (34.4)

0.74 (0.56-0.97)

0.031*

486

126 (25.9)

0.63 (0.38-1.04)

0.067

822

324 (39.4)

0.83 (0.52-1.33)

0.425

High at BL & FU

942

324 (34.4)

0.66 (0.42-1.05)

0.072

166

48 (28.9)

0.67 (0.38-1.19)

0.166

776

276 (35.6)

0.70 (0.41-1.19)

0.172

Linear trend

   

0.086

   

0.093

   

0.163

  <65 years c

Low at BL & FU

315

63 (20.0)

1 (Ref)

NA

192

36 (18.8)

1 (Ref)

NA

123

27 (22.0)

1 (Ref)

NA

High at BL or FU only

602

123 (20.4)

0.74 (0.38-1.44)

0.343

192

36 (18.8)

0.72 (0.28-1.87)

0.475

410

87 (21.2)

0.81 (0.40-1.64)

0.538

High at BL & FU

414

78 (18.8)

0.62 (0.28-1.38)

0.215

50

3 (6.0)

0.43 (0.07-2.77)

0.347

364

75 (20.6)

0.69 (0.31-1.56)

0.355

Linear trend

   

0.226

   

0.303

   

0.357

  ≥65 years c

Low at BL & FU

431

229 (53.1)

1 (Ref)

NA

277

131 (47.3)

1 (Ref)

NA

154

98 (63.6)

1 (Ref)

NA

High at BL or FU only

706

327 (46.3)

0.70 (0.52-0.94)

0.017*

294

90 (30.6)

0.60 (0.32-1.10)

0.091

412

237 (57.5)

0.79 (0.47-1.30)

0.345

High at BL & FU

528

246 (46.6)

0.61 (0.40-0.94)

0.028*

116

45 (38.8)

0.67 (0.35-1.30)

0.226

412

201 (48.8)

0.63 (0.39-1.03)

0.064

Linear trend

   

0.037*

   

0.086

   

0.072

Heavy housework (cut-off >0 min/week)

 All ages

Low at BL & FU

1144

481 (42.0)

1 (Ref)

NA

469

171 (36.5)

1 (Ref)

NA

675

310 (45.9)

1 (Ref)

NA

High at BL or FU only

1300

463 (35.6)

0.75 (0.55-1.00)

0.053

470

132 (28.1)

0.67 (0.46-0.98)

0.041*

830

331 (39.9)

0.80 (0.52-1.21)

0.264

High at BL & FU

578

176 (30.4)

0.60 (0.41-0.89)

0.013*

182

42 (23.1)

0.40 (0.20-0.81)

0.014*

396

134 (33.8)

0.72 (0.43-1.20)

0.192

Linear trend

   

0.009*

   

0.002*

   

0.164

  <65 years c

Low at BL & FU

465

111 (23.9)

1 (Ref)

NA

186

41 (22.0)

1 (Ref)

NA

279

70 (25.1)

1 (Ref)

NA

High at BL or FU only

594

132 (22.2)

0.65 (0.40-1.08)

0.093

174

31 (17.8)

0.64 (0.28-1.46)

0.281

420

101 (24.0)

0.65 (0.36-1.17)

0.143

High at BL & FU

280

47 (16.8)

0.56 (0.34-0.93)

0.026*

73

10 (13.7)

0.50 (0.12-2.02)

0.309

207

37 (17.9)

0.57 (0.28-1.16)

0.114

Linear trend

   

0.011*

   

0.187

   

0.092

  ≥65 years c

Low at BL & FU

679

370 (54.5)

1 (Ref)

NA

283

130 (45.9)

1 (Ref)

NA

396

240 (60.6)

1 (Ref)

NA

High at BL or FU only

706

331 (46.9)

0.73 (0.51-1.05)

0.085

296

101 (34.1)

0.61 (0.35-1.06)

0.076

410

230 (56.1)

0.81 (0.46-1.40)

0.41

High at BL & FU

298

129 (43.3)

0.56 (0.34-0.90)

0.020*

109

32 (29.4)

0.31 (0.13-0.72)

0.009*

189

97 (51.3)

0.74 (0.37-1.50)

0.376

Linear trend

   

0.013*

   

0.001*

   

0.328

  1. a Adjusted for baseline prefrailty/frailty status, age, sex, ethnicity, socioeconomic status (housing type), education, brisk walking and sports activities at baseline, nutritional risk, smoking, alcohol, marital status
  2. b Adjusted for baseline prefrailty/frailty status, age, ethnicity, socioeconomic status (housing type), education, brisk walking and sports activities at baseline, nutritional risk, smoking, alcohol, marital status
  3. c Age was excluded from model adjustments
  4. BL Baseline, FU Follow-up, Ref Reference odds ratio of 1.00, OR Odds Ratio, CI Confidence Interval
  5. *Statistically significant at p<0.05
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