Table 1 Baseline participant demographics according to high and low light and heavy housework groups at baseline
| Â | Light Housework | Heavy Housework | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Low | High | p value | Low | High | p value | |
No. of participants | 1224 | 1772 | Â | 1659 | 1363 | Â |
Age, y | 68 (8.4) | 66.1 (7.3) | <0.001* | 68.2 (8.2) | 65.3 (7.1) | <0.001* |
Female sex | 495 (40.4) | 1380 (77.9) | <0.001* | 952 (57.4) | 949 (69.6) | <0.001* |
Body Mass Index, kg/m2 | 24.3 (4.1) | 24 (4.1) | 0.054 | 24.3 (4.1) | 24 (4.2) | 0.011* |
Housing type | Â | Â | <0.001* | Â | Â | 0.732 |
 Public housing 1-2 rooms | 318 (26.0) | 348 (19.6) |  | 361 (21.8) | 310 (22.7) |  |
 Public housing 3 rooms | 332 (27.1) | 508 (28.7) |  | 470 (28.3) | 391 (28.7) |  |
 Other higher-end housing | 567 (46.3) | 908 (51.2) |  | 819 (49.4) | 655 (48.1) |  |
Race or ethnicity | Â | Â | 0.673 | Â | Â | 0.132 |
 Chinese | 1070 (87.4) | 1558 (87.9) |  | 1467 (88.4) | 1181 (86.6) |  |
 Non-Chinese | 153 (12.5) | 211 (11.9) |  | 189 (11.4) | 181 (13.3) |  |
Education | Â | Â | <0.001* | Â | Â | 0.024* |
 None or Primary | 725 (59.2) | 1147 (64.7) |  | 1027 (61.9) | 870 (63.8) |  |
 Secondary | 369 (30.1) | 526 (29.7) |  | 487 (29.4) | 408 (29.9) |  |
 Tertiary | 123 (10.0) | 95 (5.4) |  | 139 (8.4) | 79 (5.8) |  |
Smoking history | Â | Â | <0.001* | Â | Â | 0.004* |
 Never | 814 (66.5) | 1510 (85.2) |  | 1252 (75.5) | 1093 (80.2) |  |
 Former smoker | 232 (19.0) | 130 (7.3) |  | 225 (13.6) | 141 (10.3) |  |
 Current smoker | 173 (14.1) | 126 (7.1) |  | 178 (10.7) | 122 (9.0) |  |
Alcohol | Â | Â | <0.001* | Â | Â | 0.421 |
 None | 1087 (88.8) | 1673 (94.4) |  | 1523 (91.8) | 1268 (93.0) |  |
 Occasional | 80 (6.5) | 50 (2.8) |  | 78 (4.7) | 51 (3.7) |  |
 Frequent | 55 (4.5) | 42 (2.4) |  | 51 (3.1) | 42 (3.1) |  |
Marital status | Â | Â | 0.026* | Â | Â | 0.012* |
 Single | 122 (10.0) | 143 (8.1) |  | 136 (8.2) | 129 (9.5) |  |
 Married | 799 (65.3) | 1146 (64.7) |  | 1059 (63.8) | 903 (66.3) |  |
 Divorced | 77 (6.3) | 92 (5.2) |  | 88 (5.3) | 85 (6.2) |  |
 Widowed | 224 (18.3) | 389 (22.0) |  | 373 (22.5) | 244 (17.9) |  |
Sports | Â | Â | 0.768 | Â | Â | 0.976 |
 None | 1090 (89.1) | 1592 (89.8) |  | 1487 (89.6) | 1221 (89.6) |  |
 Occasional | 41 (3.3) | 53 (3.0) |  | 50 (3.0) | 43 (3.2) |  |
 Frequent | 88 (7.2) | 120 (6.8) |  | 115 (6.9) | 94 (6.9) |  |
Brisk walking | Â | Â | 0.043* | Â | Â | <0.001* |
 None | 238 (19.4) | 341 (19.2) |  | 271 (16.3) | 313 (23.0) |  |
 Occasional | 150 (12.3) | 167 (9.4) |  | 219 (13.2) | 107 (7.9) |  |
 Frequent | 832 (68.0) | 1254 (70.8) |  | 1161 (70.0) | 937 (68.7) |  |
Nutritional Risk | Â | Â | <0.001* | Â | Â | 0.218 |
 Low | 797 (65.1) | 1309 (73.9) |  | 1184 (71.4) | 938 (68.8) |  |
 Moderate | 336 (27.5) | 347 (19.6) |  | 369 (22.2) | 320 (23.5) |  |
 High | 91 (7.4) | 116 (6.5) |  | 106 (6.4) | 105 (7.7) |  |
Light housework (min/week) | 135 (106) | 987 (608) | <0.001* | 508 (548) | 799 (683) | <0.001* |
Heavy housework (min/week) | 28 (95.5) | 86.6 (183) | <0.001* | 0 (0) | 140 (207) | <0.001* |