Table 2 The inclusion and exclusion criteria used in the review
Study Characteristics (PE/IOS) | Inclusion Criteria | Exclusion Criteria |
|---|---|---|
Research design | Randomised controlled trials and observational studies, including cross-sectional, cohort, and case–control studies | Secondary review research, animal, laboratory-based, and qualitative studies, editorials, letters, case series, and case reports |
Publication date | No restriction | - |
Language | English | Other languages |
Peer-reviewed research | Journals | Articles not subject to peer review |
Geographical region | No restriction | - |
Study quality | No restriction | - |
Population | Older adults aged ≥ 65 years with low-intake dehydration (plasma osmolality ≥ 295 mOsm/kg) | Younger adults aged 18–64 years or children aged < 18 years Older adults with euhydration or plasma osmolality < 295 mOsm/kg |
Exposure/interest | Hydration status measured using BIA | - |
Outcomes | Diagnostic value, including measures of sensitivity, specificity, total accuracy, and/or positive or negative predictive values | Outcomes irrelevant to the research question |
Setting/context | Hospital or other acute healthcare facilities | Community care facilities |