Table 3 Logistic regression models with baseline caregiver distress as outcome
| Â | Â | Model 1 | Model 2 | Model 3 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Â | Â | OR (95% CI) | ||
Care-receiver’s gender | Men vs. Women | 1.49 (1.47–1.51) | 1.26 (1.24 1.28) | 1.17 (1.15–1.19) |
Care-receiver’s age (reference: 50 to 64) | 65 to 79 |  | 1.52 (1.48–1.56) | 1.15 (1.12–1.19) |
Over 80 |  | 1.95 (1.91-2.00) | 1.20 (1.17–1.23) | |
Marital status (reference: never married) | Married |  | 1.14 (1.10–1.19) | 1.36 (1.30–1.42) |
Widowed/separated/divorced |  | 0.79 (0.76–0.83) | 0.89 (0.86–0.93) | |
Place of residence (reference: private home) | Board care, assisted living, or group home |  | 0.80 (0.78–0.83) | 0.54 (0.58 − 0.56) |
Residential care facilities |  | 0.74 (0.70–0.78) | 0.46 (0.44–0.49) | |
Caregiver co-resides | Yes vs. No |  | 1.75 (1.72–1.78) | 1.17 (1.15–1.20) |
Caregiver’s relationship to care-receiver (reference: friend/neighbor) | Spouse |  | 1.53 (1.46–1.60) | 1.30 (1.24–1.36) |
Child/child-in-law |  | 1.61 (1.55–1.67) | 1.33 (1.27–1.38) | |
Other relative |  | 1.55 (1.48–1.61) | 1.36 (1.30–1.43) | |
ADL self-performance hierarchy scale (reference: 0) | 1 |  |  | 1.30 (1.28–1.33) |
2 |  | 1.28 (1.26–1.30) | ||
3 | 1.38 (1.34–1.41) | |||
4 | 1.33 (1.29–1.38) | |||
5 | 1.26 (1.21–1.32) | |||
6 | 1.14 (1.11–1.17) | |||
IADL difficulty scale (reference: 0) | 1 | 1.25 (1.17–1.34) | ||
2 | 1.70 (1.61–1.79) | |||
3 | 2.23 (2.20–2.23) | |||
4 | 2.20 (1.90–2.21) | |||
5 | 2.45 (2.20–2.50) | |||
6 | 2.56 (2.33–2.79) | |||
Cognitive performance scale (reference: 0) | 1 | 1.68 (1.66–1.71) | ||
2 | 1.94 (1.90–1.98) | |||
3 | 2.43 (2.37–2.48) | |||
4 | 2.40 (2.29–2.51) | |||
5 | 2.38 (2.29–2.47) | |||
6 | 2.53 (2.28–2.82) | |||
Wandering | Yes vs. No | 1.42 (1.37–1.48) | ||
Verbally/physically abusive | Yes vs. No | 1.42 (1.28–1.47) | ||
Socially inappropriate or disruptive behaviour | Yes vs. No | 1.27 (1.21–1.33) | ||
Resists care | Yes vs. No | 1.37 (1.33–1.41) | ||
Bladder/bowel incontinence | Incontinent vs. Continent | 1.25 (1.23–1.27) | ||
Has Alzheimer’s/dementia | Yes vs. No | 1.35 (1.30–1.40) | ||
Pain intensity (reference: mild or no pain) | Moderate | 1.02 (0.99–1.04) | ||
Severe | 1.20 (1.18–1.22) | |||
Pain is horrible | 1.48 (1.43–1.54) | |||
Hours of care per week (reference: fewer than 10) | 10 to 20 h | 1.66 (1.63–1.69) | ||
21 h or more | 2.23 (2.18–2.28) | |||