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Table 1 Characteristics of participants on frailty in older adults (N = 1283)

From: Transitions of self-management behaviors and frailty status among community-dwelling older adults: a national longitudinal population-based cohort study

  1. a Chi-square tests (two-tailed). In 2011, p value was calculated by coding “Death” as frail
  2. b Quit smoking, not applicable/no smoking was coded as “Yes” in 2007 and 2011
  3. c Drinking less, not applicable/no drinking was coded as “Yes” in 2007 and 2011
  4. d Educational level: Lower: illiterate + elementary school, higher: from junior high school to senior high education and above
  5. e Muscular skeletal disease includes joint arthritis, hip fractures, and osteoporosis
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BMC Geriatrics

ISSN: 1471-2318

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