Table 2 General characteristics of older inpatients according to sex and frailty status

Age (mean ± SD, years)

77.08 ± 7.61

84.83 ± 5.85

 < 0.001

74.72 ± 7.40

83.20 ± 6.19

 < 0.001

Age ≥ 80 years, n (%)

98(43.2)

87(84.5)

 < 0.001

53(34.2)

42(76.4)

 < 0.001

Educational level, n (%)

0.666

0.105

 ≤ 6 years

35(15.4)

14(13.6)

39(25.2)

8(14.5)

 ≥ 7 years

192(84.6)

89(86.4)

116(74.8)

47(85.5)

Widowed or divorced, n (%)

29(12.8)

30(29.1)

 < 0.001

45(29.0)

23(41.8)

0.082

Current or former smoker, n (%)

88(38.8)

44(42.7)

0.497

1(0.6)

3(5.5)

0.095

Current or former drinker, n (%)

78(34.4)

46(44.7)

0.073

6(3.9)

2(3.6)

1.000

BMI (mean ± SD, kg/m²)

24.03 ± 3.02

23.41 ± 3.41

0.107

23.25 ± 3.18

24.87 ± 4.58

0.018

Main diagnosis on admission, n (%)

0.016

0.512

Cardiovascular diseases

45(19.8)

25(24.3)

29(18.7)

14(25.5)

Peripheral vascular diseases

105(46.3)

29(28.2)

70(45.2)

18(32.7)

Nervous system diseases

13(5.7)

12(11.7)

15(9.7)

8(14.5)

Respiratory diseases

33(14.5)

23(22.3)

8(5.2)

3(5.5)

Other

31(13.7)

14(13.6)

33(21.3)

12(21.8)

CIRS-G [median (IQR), scores]

8(6,11)

11.5(8,15)

 < 0.001

8(6,10)

11(9,12)

 < 0.001

Polypharmacy (≥ 5 drugs), n (%)

95(41.9)

78(75.7)

 < 0.001

57(36.8)

34(61.8)

0.001

Time from admission to assessment [median (IQR), days]

0(0,2)

1(0,4)

 < 0.001

0(0,1)

1(0,4)

 < 0.001

MMSE (mean ± SD, scores)

26.70 ± 2.51

24.50 ± 3.00

 < 0.001

26.39 ± 3.12

25.18 ± 3.53

0.018

PSQI [median (IQR), scores]

5(3,8)

7(3,11)

0.002

7(4,10)

11(6,14)

 < 0.001

Poor sleep quality, n (%)

98(43.2)

61(59.2)

0.007

100(64.5)

43(78.2)

0.062

NRS [median (IQR), scores]

0(0,0)

0(0,3)

 < 0.001

0(0,2)

0(0,3)

0.301

Chronic pain, n (%)

55(24.2)

43(41.7)

0.001

56(36.1)

22(40.0)

0.610

GDS-15 [median (IQR), scores]

1(0,2)

2(1,5)

 < 0.001

2(1,4)

3(2,5)

0.008

Depressive symptoms, n (%)

14(6.2)

18(17.5)

0.001

23(14.8)

11(20.0)

0.372