Table 1 General characteristics between male and female inpatients

Age (mean ± SD, years)

78.51 ± 8.07

79.50 ± 7.96

76.94 ± 8.02

 < 0.001

Age ≥ 80 years, n (%)

280(51.9)

185(56.1)

95(45.2)

0.014

Educational level, n (%)

0.026

 ≤ 6 years

96(17.8)

49(14.8)

47(22.4)

 ≥ 7 years

444(82.2)

281(85.2)

163(77.6)

Widowed or divorced, n (%)

127(23.5)

59(17.9)

68(32.4)

 < 0.001

Current or former smoker, n (%)

136(25.2)

132(40.0)

4(1.9)

 < 0.001

Current or former drinker, n (%)

132(24.4)

124(37.6)

8(3.8)

 < 0.001

BMI (mean ± SD, kg/m²)

23.78 ± 3.36

23.84 ± 3.15

23.68 ± 3.66

0.594

Main diagnosis on admission, n (%)

 < 0.001

Cardiovascular diseases

113(20.9)

70(21.2)

43(20.5)

Peripheral vascular diseases

222(41.1)

134(40.6)

88(41.9)

Nervous system diseases

48(8.9)

25(7.6)

23(11.0)

Respiratory diseases

67(12.4)

56(17.0)

11(5.2)

Other

90(16.7)

45(13.6)

45(21.4)

CIRS-G [median (IQR), scores]

9(7,12)

9(7,13)

9(7,11)

0.085

Polypharmacy (≥ 5 drugs), n (%)

264(48.9)

173(52.4)

91(43.3)

0.039

Time from admission to assessment [median (IQR), days]

0(0,2)

0(0,2.25)

0(0,2)

0.102

MMSE (mean ± SD, scores)

26.04 ± 3.02

26.02 ± 2.86

26.07 ± 3.27

0.838

PSQI [median (IQR), scores]

6(3,10)

5(3,9)

8(5,11)

 < 0.001

Poor sleep quality, n (%)

302(55.9)

159(48.2)

143(68.1)

 < 0.001

NRS [median (IQR), scores]

0(0,2)

0(0,2)

0(0,3)

0.025

Chronic pain, n (%)

176(32.6)

98(29.7)

78(37.1)

0.072

GDS-15 [median (IQR), scores]

2(1,4)

1(0,3)

2(1,4)

 < 0.001

Depressive symptoms, n (%)

66(12.2)

32(9.7)

34(16.2)

0.025

Frailty, n (%)

158(29.3)

103(31.2)

55(26.2)

0.211