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Table 1 Characteristics of the older adults by BMI

From: Association of social capital with obesity among older adults in China: a cross-sectional analysis

 

Underweight

Normal

Overweight

Obesity

p value

Gender, N (%)

    

< 0.001

 Male

623(39.0%)

2973(49.7%)

1090(49.6%)

152(39.1%)

 

 Female

975(61.0%)

3007(50.3%)

1107(50.4%)

237(60.9%)

Age, N (%)

    

< 0.001

 65–84

507(31.7%)

3419(57.2%)

1632(74.3%)

272(69.9%)

 

 ≥ 85

1091(68.3%)

2561(42.8%)

565(25.7%)

117(30.1%)

Household annual income, N (%)

    

< 0.001

 ≤ 12,000

597(37.4%)

2046(34.2%)

689(31.4%)

131(33.7%)

 

 12,000–54,000

551(34.5%)

1962(32.8%)

693(31.5%)

119(30.6%)

  > 54,000

450(28.2%)

1972(33.0%)

815(37.1%)

139(35.7%)

Education

    

< 0.001

 Educated

593(37.1%)

2963(49.5%)

1281(58.3%)

207(53.2%)

 

 Uneducated

1005(62.9%)

3017(50.5%)

916(41.7%)

182(46.8%)

Marital status, N (%)

    

< 0.001

 Married and living with spouse

446(27.9%)

2833(47.4%)

1280(58.3%)

200(51.4%)

 

 Separated

38(2.4%)

113(1.9%)

38(1.7%)

7(1.8%)

 Divorced

7(0.4%)

18(0.3%)

7(0.3%)

0(0.0%)

 Widowed

1096(68.6%)

2971(49.7%)

859(39.1%)

179(46.0%)

 Never married

11(0.7%)

45(0.8%)

13(0.6%)

3(0.8%)

Current residential area, N (%)

   

< 0.001

 City

291(18.2%)

1375(23.0%)

649(29.5%)

124(31.9%)

 

 Town

571(35.7%)

1954(32.7%)

675(30.7%)

115(29.6%)

 Rural

736(46.1%)

2651(44.3%)

873(39.7%)

150(38.6%)

Staple food, N (%)

    

< 0.001

 Rice

1054(66.0%)

3672(61.4%)

1101(50.1%)

186(47.8%)

 

 Corn (maize)

59(3.7%)

211(3.5%)

97(4.4%)

25(6.4%)

 Wheat (noodles, bread, etc.)

207(13.0%)

1031(17.2%)

494(22.5%)

86(22.1%)

 Rice and wheat

259(16.2%)

1042(17.4%)

490(22.3%)

89(22.9%)

 Other

19(1.2%)

24(0.4%)

14(0.6%)

3(0.8%)

Smoking, N (%)

    

< 0.001

 Yes

269(16.8%)

1084(18.1%)

306(13.9%)

40(10.3%)

 

 No

1329(83.2%)

4896(81.9%)

1891(86.1%)

349(89.7%)

Alcohol Drinking, N (%)

    

< 0.001

 Yes

199(12.5%)

1003(16.8%)

377(17.2%)

48(12.3%)

 

 No

1399(87.5%)

4977(83.2%)

1820(82.8%)

341(87.7%)

Physical activity, N (%)

    

< 0.001

 Yes

379(23.7%)

2094(35.0%)

973(44.3%)

158(40.6%)

 

 No

1219(76.3%)

3886(65.0%)

1224(55.7%)

231(59.4%)

Staple food intake (100 g/day), mean (SD)

2.38 (2.38)

2.71(2.53)

2.90(2.33)

2.79(3.15)

< 0.001

Sleep duration, mean (SD)

7.42(2.45)

7.36(2.14)

7.19(1.96)

7.19(2.14)

< 0.001

ADL score, mean (SD)

7.46(2.87)

6.48(1.60)

6.29(1.20)

6.51(1.60)

< 0.001

MMSE score, mean (SD)

22.14(7.69)

25.24(5.72)

26.16(4.84)

25.66(5.08)

< 0.001

Depression score, mean (SD)

7.40(3.34)

7.12(3.01)

7.21(2.96)

7.40(3.10)

< 0.01

Generalized trust, N (%)

    

< 0.01

 Untrustworthy

234(14.6%)

845(14.1%)

379(17.3%)

70(18.0%)

 

 Trustworthy

1364(85.4%)

5135(85.9%)

1818(82.7%)

319(82.0%)

 

Informal social participation, N (%)

    

< 0.001

 Yes

799(50.0%)

3849(64.4%)

1503(68.4%)

241(62.0%)

 

 No

799(50.0%)

2131(35.6%)

694(31.6%)

148(38.0%)

 

Formal participation, N (%)

    

< 0.001

 Yes

132(8.3%)

911(15.2%)

480(21.8%)

70(18.0%)

 

 No

1466(91.7%)

5069(84.8%)

1717(78.2%)

319(82.0%)

 

Social support (emotional), N (%)

    

< 0.05

 Yes

1559(97.6%)

5836(97.6%)

2150(97.9%)

371(95.4%)

 

 No

39(2.4%)

144(2.4%)

47(2.1%)

18(4.6%)

 

Social support (instrumental), N (%)

    

< 0.05

 Yes

1586(99.2%)

5915(98.9%)

2169(98.7%)

383(98.5%)

 

 No

12(0.8%)

65(1.1%)

28(1.3%)

6(1.5%)

 

 Cases, N (%)

1598(15.7%)

5980(58.8%)

2197(21.6%)

389(3.8%)

 
  1. P values are calculated with analysis of Chi-squared test for categorical variables and variance (ANOVA) for continuous variables