From: Association of social capital with obesity among older adults in China: a cross-sectional analysis
 | Underweight | Normal | Overweight | Obesity | p value | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Gender, N (%) |  |  |  |  | < 0.001 | |
 Male | 623(39.0%) | 2973(49.7%) | 1090(49.6%) | 152(39.1%) |  | |
 Female | 975(61.0%) | 3007(50.3%) | 1107(50.4%) | 237(60.9%) | ||
Age, N (%) |  |  |  |  | < 0.001 | |
 65–84 | 507(31.7%) | 3419(57.2%) | 1632(74.3%) | 272(69.9%) |  | |
 ≥ 85 | 1091(68.3%) | 2561(42.8%) | 565(25.7%) | 117(30.1%) | ||
Household annual income, N (%) |  |  |  |  | < 0.001 | |
 ≤ 12,000 | 597(37.4%) | 2046(34.2%) | 689(31.4%) | 131(33.7%) |  | |
 12,000–54,000 | 551(34.5%) | 1962(32.8%) | 693(31.5%) | 119(30.6%) | ||
  > 54,000 | 450(28.2%) | 1972(33.0%) | 815(37.1%) | 139(35.7%) | ||
Education |  |  |  |  | < 0.001 | |
 Educated | 593(37.1%) | 2963(49.5%) | 1281(58.3%) | 207(53.2%) |  | |
 Uneducated | 1005(62.9%) | 3017(50.5%) | 916(41.7%) | 182(46.8%) | ||
Marital status, N (%) |  |  |  |  | < 0.001 | |
 Married and living with spouse | 446(27.9%) | 2833(47.4%) | 1280(58.3%) | 200(51.4%) |  | |
 Separated | 38(2.4%) | 113(1.9%) | 38(1.7%) | 7(1.8%) | ||
 Divorced | 7(0.4%) | 18(0.3%) | 7(0.3%) | 0(0.0%) | ||
 Widowed | 1096(68.6%) | 2971(49.7%) | 859(39.1%) | 179(46.0%) | ||
 Never married | 11(0.7%) | 45(0.8%) | 13(0.6%) | 3(0.8%) | ||
Current residential area, N (%) |  |  |  | < 0.001 | ||
 City | 291(18.2%) | 1375(23.0%) | 649(29.5%) | 124(31.9%) |  | |
 Town | 571(35.7%) | 1954(32.7%) | 675(30.7%) | 115(29.6%) | ||
 Rural | 736(46.1%) | 2651(44.3%) | 873(39.7%) | 150(38.6%) | ||
Staple food, N (%) |  |  |  |  | < 0.001 | |
 Rice | 1054(66.0%) | 3672(61.4%) | 1101(50.1%) | 186(47.8%) |  | |
 Corn (maize) | 59(3.7%) | 211(3.5%) | 97(4.4%) | 25(6.4%) | ||
 Wheat (noodles, bread, etc.) | 207(13.0%) | 1031(17.2%) | 494(22.5%) | 86(22.1%) | ||
 Rice and wheat | 259(16.2%) | 1042(17.4%) | 490(22.3%) | 89(22.9%) | ||
 Other | 19(1.2%) | 24(0.4%) | 14(0.6%) | 3(0.8%) | ||
Smoking, N (%) |  |  |  |  | < 0.001 | |
 Yes | 269(16.8%) | 1084(18.1%) | 306(13.9%) | 40(10.3%) |  | |
 No | 1329(83.2%) | 4896(81.9%) | 1891(86.1%) | 349(89.7%) | ||
Alcohol Drinking, N (%) |  |  |  |  | < 0.001 | |
 Yes | 199(12.5%) | 1003(16.8%) | 377(17.2%) | 48(12.3%) |  | |
 No | 1399(87.5%) | 4977(83.2%) | 1820(82.8%) | 341(87.7%) | ||
Physical activity, N (%) |  |  |  |  | < 0.001 | |
 Yes | 379(23.7%) | 2094(35.0%) | 973(44.3%) | 158(40.6%) |  | |
 No | 1219(76.3%) | 3886(65.0%) | 1224(55.7%) | 231(59.4%) | ||
Staple food intake (100 g/day), mean (SD) | 2.38 (2.38) | 2.71(2.53) | 2.90(2.33) | 2.79(3.15) | < 0.001 | |
Sleep duration, mean (SD) | 7.42(2.45) | 7.36(2.14) | 7.19(1.96) | 7.19(2.14) | < 0.001 | |
ADL score, mean (SD) | 7.46(2.87) | 6.48(1.60) | 6.29(1.20) | 6.51(1.60) | < 0.001 | |
MMSE score, mean (SD) | 22.14(7.69) | 25.24(5.72) | 26.16(4.84) | 25.66(5.08) | < 0.001 | |
Depression score, mean (SD) | 7.40(3.34) | 7.12(3.01) | 7.21(2.96) | 7.40(3.10) | < 0.01 | |
Generalized trust, N (%) |  |  |  |  | < 0.01 | |
 Untrustworthy | 234(14.6%) | 845(14.1%) | 379(17.3%) | 70(18.0%) |  | |
 Trustworthy | 1364(85.4%) | 5135(85.9%) | 1818(82.7%) | 319(82.0%) |  | |
Informal social participation, N (%) |  |  |  |  | < 0.001 | |
 Yes | 799(50.0%) | 3849(64.4%) | 1503(68.4%) | 241(62.0%) |  | |
 No | 799(50.0%) | 2131(35.6%) | 694(31.6%) | 148(38.0%) |  | |
Formal participation, N (%) |  |  |  |  | < 0.001 | |
 Yes | 132(8.3%) | 911(15.2%) | 480(21.8%) | 70(18.0%) |  | |
 No | 1466(91.7%) | 5069(84.8%) | 1717(78.2%) | 319(82.0%) |  | |
Social support (emotional), N (%) |  |  |  |  | < 0.05 | |
 Yes | 1559(97.6%) | 5836(97.6%) | 2150(97.9%) | 371(95.4%) |  | |
 No | 39(2.4%) | 144(2.4%) | 47(2.1%) | 18(4.6%) |  | |
Social support (instrumental), N (%) |  |  |  |  | < 0.05 | |
 Yes | 1586(99.2%) | 5915(98.9%) | 2169(98.7%) | 383(98.5%) |  | |
 No | 12(0.8%) | 65(1.1%) | 28(1.3%) | 6(1.5%) |  | |
 Cases, N (%) | 1598(15.7%) | 5980(58.8%) | 2197(21.6%) | 389(3.8%) |  |