Total b (n = 1791) | Polypharmacy at follow-up f | The risk of medication-related problems at follow-up f | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
No n = 981 (54.8%) | Yes n = 810 (45.2%) | p-value a | Low risk n = 1043 (58.2%) | High risk n = 748 (41.8%) | p-value a | ||
Sociodemographic factors | |||||||
Age (Year) | 79.6 ± 5.6 | 79.0 ± 5.7 | 80.2 ± 5.3 | < 0.001 d | 79.7 ± 5.9 | 79.4 ± 5.0 | 0.20 d |
Sex N(%) | |||||||
Female | 1089 (60.8) | 616 (62.8) | 473 (58.4) | 0.06 e | 667 (64.0) | 422 (56.4) | 0.001 e |
Male | 702 (39.2) | 365 (37.2) | 337 (41.6) | 376 (36.0) | 326 (43.6) | ||
Educational level N(%) | |||||||
Primary or less | 446 (24.9) | 261 (27.1) | 185 (23.2) | 0.06 e | 244 (23.8) | 202 (27.4) | 0.23 e |
Secondary | 1142 (63.8) | 601 (62.3) | 541 (67.8) | 677 (66.0) | 465 (63.1) | ||
Tertiary or higher | 174 (9.7) | 102 (10.6) | 72 (9.0) | 104 (10.1) | 70 (9.5) | ||
Country N(%) | |||||||
The Netherlands | 272 (15.2) | 135 (13.8) | 137 (16.9) | < 0.001 e | 157 (15.1) | 115 (15.4) | 0.001 e |
Greece | 259 (14.5) | 171 (17.4) | 88 (10.9) | 161 (15.4) | 98 (13.1) | ||
Croatia | 427 (23.8) | 256 (26.1) | 171 (21.1) | 278 (26.7) | 149 (19.9) | ||
Spain | 395 (22.1) | 252 (25.7) | 143 (17.7) | 224 (21.5) | 171 (22.9) | ||
The United Kingdom | 438 (24.5) | 167 (17.0) | 271 (33.5) | 223 (21.4) | 215 (28.7) | ||
Migration Background N(%) | |||||||
No | 1640 (91.6) | 907 (92.8) | 730 (90.1) | 0.045 e | 968 (92.8) | 672 (89.8) | 0.03 e |
Yes | 151 (8.4) | 71 (7.2) | 80 (9.9) | 75 (7.2) | 76 (10.2) | ||
Household composition N(%) | |||||||
Living with others | 1106 (61.8) | 635 (65.1) | 471 (58.4) | 0.004 e | 654 (63.2) | 452 (60.5) | 0.25 e |
Living alone | 676 (37.7) | 340 (34.9) | 336 (41.6) | 381 (36.8) | 295 (39.5) | ||
Factors regarding life style and nutrition | |||||||
Smoking N(%) | |||||||
No | 1652 (92.2) | 899 (92.0) | 753 (93.2) | 0.35 e | 955 (91.7) | 697 (93.7) | 0.12 e |
Yes | 133 (7.4) | 78 (8.0) | 55 (6.8) | 86 (8.3) | 47 (6.3) | ||
Alcohol use N(%) | |||||||
No | 1244 (69.5) | 660 (71.7) | 584 (75.5) | 0.08 e | 707 (71.8) | 537 (75.8) | 0.06 e |
Yes | 449 (25.1) | 260 (28.3) | 189 (24.5) | 278 (28.2) | 171 (24.2) | ||
Exercise N(%) | |||||||
More than once a week | 1298 (72.5) | 758 (77.8) | 540 (67.2) | < 0.001 e | 774 (74.8) | 524 (70.5) | 0.046 e |
Once a week or less | 480 (26.8) | 216 (22.2) | 264 (32.8) | 261 (25.2) | 219 (29.5) | ||
Malnutrition N(%) | |||||||
No | 1516 (84.6) | 833 (85.1) | 683 (85.1) | 0.99 e | 888 (85.3) | 628 (84.8) | 0.75 e |
Yes | 266 (14.9) | 146 (14.9) | 120 (14.9) | 153 (14.7) | 113 (15.2) | ||
BMI c N(%) | |||||||
Underweight and normal | 607 (33.9) | 360 (38.5) | 247 (33.3) | 0.001 e | 386 (39.1) | 221 (32.1) | < 0.001 e |
Overweight | 740 (41.3) | 421 (45.1) | 319 (43.0) | 440(44.6) | 300 (43.5) | ||
Obese | 328 (18.3) | 153 (16.4) | 175 (23.6) | 160 (16.2) | 168 (24.4) | ||
Factors regarding health and health care use | |||||||
Health-related quality of life (SF-12) (score) | |||||||
Physical Component Summary | 42.0 ± 11.9 | 44.9 ± 11.0 | 38.4 ± 12.0 | < 0.001 d | 43.6 ± 11.7 | 39.7 ± 11.9 | < 0.001 d |
Mental Component Summary | 50.3 ± 10.7 | 50.8 ± 10.4 | 49.7 ± 11.0 | 0.03 d | 50.4 ± 10.7 | 50.1 ± 10.7 | 0.52 d |
Multi-morbidity N(%) | |||||||
No | 158 (8.8) | 137 (14.0) | 21 (2.6) | < 0.001 e | 124 (11.9) | 34 (4.5) | < 0.001 e |
Yes | 1629 (91.0) | 840 (86.0) | 789 (97.4) | 915 (88.1) | 714 (95.5) | ||
Falling times (during the last year) N(%) | |||||||
Zero or one time | 1522 (85.0) | 859 (88.6) | 663 (82.4) | < 0.001 e | 899 (87.3) | 623 (83.6) | 0.03 e |
Two or more times | 253 (14.1) | 111 (11.4) | 142 (17.6) | 131 (12.7) | 122 (16.4) | ||
Frailty N(%) | |||||||
No | 804 (44.9) | 516 (52.9) | 288 (35.6) | < 0.001 e | 525 (50.6) | 279 (37.4) | < 0.001 e |
Yes | 979 (54.7) | 459 (47.1) | 520 (64.4) | 513 (49.4) | 466 (62.6) | ||
Outpatient service use (during the last year) N(%) | |||||||
No | 153 (8.5) | 113 (11.7) | 40 (5.0) | < 0.001 e | 120 (11.7) | 33 (4.4) | < 0.001 e |
Yes | 1620 (90.5) | 856 (88.3) | 764 (95.0) | 909 (88.3) | 711 (95.6) | ||
Hospitalization (during the last year) N(%) | |||||||
No | 1448 (80.8) | 832 (85.6) | 616 (76.9) | < 0.001 e | 872 (84.6) | 576 (77.6) | < 0.001 e |
Yes | 325 (18.1) | 140 (14.4) | 185 (23.1) | 159 (15.4) | 1661661661661661661662.4) |