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Table 5 Hierarchical regression analyses for people with moderate dementia, with age, education, gender (step 1), depression (Cornell score, step 2) and scores on Social and Emotional Loneliness subscales (step 3) as predictors for the outcomes of interest. R2, ΔR2, and standardized β concern each step, F concerns the final model

From: Individual differences among older adults with mild and moderate dementia in social and emotional loneliness and their associations with cognitive and psychological functioning

 

NLT

NPI-total score

NPI-dysphoria

QoL-AD

 

Model 1

Model 2

Model 3

Model 1

Model 2

Model 3

Model 1

Model 2

Model 3

Model 1

Model 2

Model 3

 

β

β

β

β

β

β

β

β

β

β

β

β

Age

-0.05

0.01

-0.02

-0.31*

-0.19

-0.18

-0.12

-0.004

0.01

-0.42**

-0.42**

-0.43**

Education

0.08

0.05

-0.06

0.16

0.10

0.12

-0.09

-0.15

-0.09

-0.13

-0.13

-0.21

Gender^

0.19

0.14

0.15

0.05

-0.02

-0.02

-0.01

-0.08

-0.07

0.16

0.16

0.10

Cornell

 

0.31*

0.24

 

0.61***

0.63***

 

0.63***

0.63***

 

-0.01

0.08

Social Loneliness

  

-0.49***

  

0.11

  

0.23

  

-0.22

Emotional Loneliness

  

0.17

  

-0.05

  

0.03

  

-0.32*

R2

0.05

0.14

0.32**

0.16*

0.51***

0.52***

0.02

0.34***

0.38***

0.16*

0.16

0.37***

ΔR2

0.05

0.09*

0.18**

0.16*

0.35***

0.01

0.02

0.38***

0.06

0.16*

0.00

0.21***

 

F(6,48) = 3.74, p = 004

 F(6,48) = 8.65, p < .001

 F(6,48) = 6.55, p < .001

 F(6,48) = 4.74, p = .001

  1. *p < .05; **p < .01; ***p < .001; ^Gender was a dichotomous variable (0 = male; 1 = female). NLT: Narrative Language Test; NPI: NeuroPsychiatric Inventory; QoL-AD: Quality of Life - Alzheimer’s Disease scale