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Table 2 Positive and negative somatosensory signs for pressure stimuli in lower-aged, higher-aged and all elderly (n, %)

From: Pressure pain threshold and somatosensory abnormalities in different ages and functional conditions of post-stroke elderly

 

Positive Sign

Negative Sign

p1

p2

 

Hyperalgesia

Hypoalgesia

All

Lower-aged (n = 19)

 Middle Deltoid

6 (31.58%)a

2 (10.53%)b

8 (42.11%)

11 (57.89%)b

0.013*

0.091

 Biceps Brachii

0 (0)

5 (26.32%)

5 (26.32%)

14 (73.68%)

0.642

0.743

 Erector Spinae L2

0 (0)

1 (5.26%)

1 (5.26%)

18 (94.74%)

1.000

1.000

 Erector Spinae L4

0 (0)

2 (10.53%)

2 (10.53%)

17 (89.47%)

0.492

1.000

 Rectus Femoris

1 (5.26%)a

0 (0)b

1 (5.26%)

18 (94.74%)

0.027*

0.112

 Biceps Femoris

1 (5.26%)

0 (0)

1 (5.26%)

18 (94.74%)

0.267

0.112

 M Gastrocnemius

1 (5.26%)

0 (0)

1 (5.26%)

18 (94.74%)

0.148

0.205

Higher-aged (n = 24)

 Middle Deltoid

0 (0)

4 (16.67%)

4 (16.67%)

20 (83.33%)

N/A

N/A

 Biceps Brachii

2 (8.33%)

6 (25.00%)

8 (33.33%)

16 (66.67%)

N/A

N/A

 Erector Spinae L2

0 (0)

2 (8.33%)

2 (8.33%)

22 (91.67%)

N/A

N/A

 Erector Spinae L4

2 (8.33%)

1 (4.17%)

3 (12.50%)

21 (87.50%)

N/A

N/A

 Rectus Femoris

0 (0)

6 (25.00%)

6 (25.00%)

18 (75.00%)

N/A

N/A

 Biceps Femoris

3 (12.5%)

3 (12.5%)

6 (25.00%)

18 (75.00%)

N/A

N/A

 M Gastrocnemius

1 (4.17%)

4 (16.67%)

5 (20.83%)

19 (79.17%)

N/A

N/A

All Participants (n = 43)

 Middle Deltoid

6 (13.95)

6 (13.95%)

12 (27.91%)

31 (72.09%)

N/A

N/A

 Biceps Brachii

2 (4.65%)

11 (25.58%)

13 (30.23%)

30 (69.77%)

N/A

N/A

 Erector Spinae L2

0 (0)

3 (6.98%)

3 (6.98%)

40 (93.02%)

N/A

N/A

 Erector Spinae L4

2 (4.65%)

3 (6.98%)

5 (11.63%)

38 (88.37%)

N/A

N/A

 Rectus Femoris

1 (2.33%)

6 (13.95%)

7 (16.28%)

36 (83.72%)

N/A

N/A

 Biceps Femoris

4 (9.30%)

3 (6.98%)

7 (16.28%)

36 (83.72%)

N/A

N/A

 M Gastrocnemius

2 (4.65%)

4 (9.30%)

6 (13.95%)

37 (86.05%)

N/A

N/A

  1. All elderly were divided into lower-aged and higher-aged groups based on the median age (71) of them. Data were presented as numbers of subjects (% of participants). Positive signs were determined by the ratios of PPTs (affected/unaffected). Hypoalgesia: ratio > 136%; Hyperalgesia: ratio < 74%; p1-values came from the Fisher’s exact test to detect the age effect on the frequencies of hyperalgesia, hypoalgesia and negative sign. ‘a’ and ‘b’ represented the subgroups that showed significant differences in this 2 × 3 Fisher’s exact test. p2-values came from the Fisher’s exact test to detect the age effect on the frequencies of positive sign and negative sign, which was no significant difference (p > 0.05)