Table 1 Baseline characteristics of the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS) by depressive symptom status
Characteristics | Total n = 8574 |              Depressive symptom status | P value | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
stable low n = 4218 | recent onset n = 1281 | recent remitted n = 1713 | stable high n = 1362 | |||
Age, mean(SD), y | 58.2(9.1) | 57.6(9.0) | 58.1(9.1) | 59.1(9.1) | 58.9(9.1) | < 0.001 |
Female, n (%) | 4450(51.9) | 1924(45.6) | 640(50.0) | 1005(58.7) | 881(64.7) | < 0.001 |
Rural residence, n (%) | 5521(64.4) | 2478(58.7) | 854(66.7) | 1180(68.9) | 1009(74.1) | < 0.001 |
High school and above, n (%) | 1086(12.7) | 699(16.6) | 170(13.3) | 129(7.5) | 88(6.5) | < 0.001 |
Married, n(%) | 7650(89.2) | 3912(92.7) | 1148(89.6) | 1430(83.5) | 1160(85.2) | < 0.001 |
Smoking status, n (%) |  |  |  |  |  | < 0.001 |
 Never | 5205(60.7) | 2442(57.9) | 751(58.6) | 1092(63.7) | 920(67.5) |  |
 Current smoker | 2612(30.5) | 1376(32.6) | 412(32.2) | 481(28.1) | 343(25.2) |  |
 Former smoker | 757(8.8) | 400(9.5) | 118(9.2) | 140(8.2) | 99(7.3) |  |
Drinking frequency, n (%) |  |  |  |  |  | < 0.001 |
 Never | 5242(61.1) | 2461(58.3) | 781(61.0) | 1086(63.4) | 914(67.1) |  |
 Rarely | 687(8.1) | 318(7.5) | 116(9.1) | 137(8.0) | 116(8.5) |  |
 Often | 2645(30.8) | 1439(34.2) | 384(30.1) | 490(28.6) | 332(24.4) |  |
Overweight/obesity, n (%) | 3338(38.9) | 1729(41.0) | 519(40.5) | 614(35.8) | 476(34.9) | < 0.001 |
Sleep duration, n (%), h |  |  |  |  |  | < 0.001 |
 <7 | 4248(49.5) | 1751(41.5) | 574(44.8) | 1052(61.4) | 871(64.0) |  |
 ≥7 | 4326(50.5) | 2467(58.5) | 707(55.2) | 661(38.6) | 491(36.0) |  |
History of falls, n (%) | 1281(14.9) | 442(10.5) | 159(12.4) | 368(21.5) | 312(22.9) | < 0.001 |
Comorbidities, n (%) |  |  |  |  |  | < 0.001 |
 0–2 | 6415(74.8) | 3391(80.4) | 1006(78.5) | 1164(68.0) | 854(62.7) |  |
 ≥3 | 2159(25.2) | 827(19.6) | 275(21.5) | 549(32.0) | 508(37.3) |  |
HF, n (%) | 265(3.1) | 92(2.2) | 55(4.3) | 51(3.0) | 67(4.9) | < 0.001 |