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Table 4 Changes before and after use of TouchCare system (N = 14)

From: Feasibility and efficacy of TouchCare system using application for older adults living alone: a pilot pre-experimental study

Measures

Pre-interventiona

Post-interventiona

P

Weight (kg)

55.0 (12.3)

55.8 (10.7)

0.96

Waist circumference (cm)

77.5 (24.4)

79.3 (8.3)

0.32

BMI (kg/m2)

24.2 (4.9)

24.5 (4.7)

0.11

Calf circumference (cm)

30.8 (9.5)

32.6 (3.1)

0.79

Systolic blood pressure (mmHg)

131.9 (40.7)

140.0 (16.5)

0.76

Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg)

72.1 (23.4)

72.6 (13.8)

0.26

Fasting glucose (mg/dl)

108.6 (16.0)

119.4 (64.7)

0.62

Insulin (IU/L)

7.4 (5.4)

8.6 (8.9)

0.89

HOMA-IR (mg/IU)

1.9 (1.4)

2.7 (3.0)

0.83

Hemoglobin (mg/dl)

12.9 (1.4)

13.0 (1.3)

0.71

Triglyceride (mg/dl)

108.4 (65.3)

108.3 (49.7)

0.99

Cholesterol, total (mg/dl)

175.9 (45.1)

162.6 (28.1)

0.53

HDL-C (mg/dl)

61.0 (17.7)

54.4 (20.5)

0.56

LDL-C (mg/dl)

93.2 (40.3)

83.1 (27.3)

0.67

Creatinine (mg/dl)

0.9 (0.4)

0.9 (0.3)

0.20

AST

23.0 (4.7)

24.1 (8.3)

0.81

ALT

16.7 (9.7)

17.6 (9.3)

0.76

Limb BMC (g)

721.2 (187.4)

730.3 (195.3)

0.87

Limb fat (g)

8458.9 (3507.0)

8567.7 (3505.7)

0.45

Limb lean mass (g)

12,628.4 (2584.0)

12,575.2 (2416.0)

0.60

Muscle mass (kg)

19.9 (3.9)

20.5 (3.7)

0.28

Fat mass (kg)

19.5 (9.3)

20.5 (3.7)

0.94

Body fat ratio (%)

19.5 (9.3)

20.0 (7.5)

0.90

Waist-hip ratio

34.2 (11.9)

35.9 (9.3)

0.96

Abdominal fat (cm2)

153.1 (90.0)

149.4 (89.1)

0.84

Subcutaneous fat (kg)

2.9 (1.7)

3.1 (1.4)

0.84

Basal metabolic rate(kcal)

1065.2 (314.6)

1157.9 (145.66)

0.61

Daily required energy (kcal)

1748.7 (233.1)

1783.0 (225.3)

0.32

  1. Abbreviations: BMI Body Mass Index, HOMA-IR Homeostatic Model Assessment for Insulin Resistance, HDL-C High-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol, LDL-C Low-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol, AST Aspartate aminotransferase, ALT Alanine transaminase, BMC Bone Mineral Contents
  2. aData represents average value with standard deviation