Feasibility and efficacy of TouchCare system using application for older adults living alone: a pilot pre-experimental study

Table 3 Changes before and after use of TouchCare system (N = 14)

Measures	Pre-intervention^a	Post-intervention^a	P
MNA (nutrition)	10.6 (2.0)	11.8 (1.9)	0.04‡
NRS (pain)	4.8 (2.5)	4.4 (3.7)	0.78
SGDS (depression)	5.7 (3.9)	5.4 (4.1)	0.60
FES (fall)	89.2 (15.3)	99.9 (0.5)	0.001§
Frailty index (frailty)	3.3 (2.1)	3.0 (2.0)	0.60
Mini-Cog (cognition)	4.1 (1.4)	4.6 (1.1)	0.15
SPPB-balance test (physical function)	3.9 (0.2)	4 (0)	0.35
SPPB-gait speed (physical function)	1.9 (0.3)	2 (0)	0.15

Abbreviations: MNA Mini-Nutritional Assessment, NRS Numeric Rating Scale, SGDS Short Geriatric Depression Scale, FES Fall Efficacy Scale, SPPB Short Physical Performance Battery
^aData represents average value with standard deviation
^‡P value < 0.05, §P value < 0.01

ISSN: 1471-2318