Table 2 The association between living arrangements and cognitive function

Fixed Effects

Intercept

Living arrangement

(ref = Living with spouse)

 Living alone

 Living with adult children

 Living with spouse and adult children

 Living with others

Time (years since baseline)

Age (ref = 60–64, at baseline)

 65–69

 70–74

 ≥ 75

Gender (ref = Male)

 Female

Geographic residence (ref = Rural)

 Urban

Education

(ref = No formal education)

 Capable of reading and/or writing

 Primary school

 Middle school and above

Working status (ref = No)

 Yes

The number of physical comorbidities (ref = 0)

 1–2

 ≥ 3

Feeling pain (ref = No)

 Yes

IADLs (ref = Unimpaired)

 Impaired

Depressive symptoms (ref = No)

 Yes

Social activity participation (ref = No)

 Yes

Number of adult children (ref = 1)

 2–3

 ≥ 4

Average years of schooling of adult children (Centered)

Household expenditure per capita (log)

Time * Living alone

Time * Living with adult children

Time * Living with spouse and adult children

Time * Living with others

Random Effects

Level 2: Individual

 Individual -variance

Level 1: Point in time

 Point in time-variance

-2*loglikelihood