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Table 1 Basic characteristics of the 30,697 TWB participants

From: Associations of five obesity indicators with cognitive performance in 30,697 Taiwan Biobank participants

 

Males

Females

P-value 1

Total

12,094 (39.4%)

18,603 (60.6%)

 

Age (years)

64.2\(\pm\)2.9

63.8\(\pm\)2.8

< 0.001

BMI (kg/m2)

24.9\(\pm\)3.1

24.0\(\pm\)3.5

< 0.001

 Underweight (yes or no)

 BMI < 18.5 kg/m2

169 (1.4%)

563 (3.0%)

< 0.001

 Healthy weight (yes or no)

 18.5 < = BMI < 24 kg/m2

4,632 (38.3%)

9,788 (52.6%)

< 0.001

 Overweight (yes or no)

 24 < = BMI < 27 kg/m2

4,622 (38.2%)

5,027 (27.0%)

< 0.001

 Obesity (yes or no)

 BMI > = 27 kg/m2

2,671 (22.1%)

3,225 (17.4%)

< 0.001

Body fat percentage (%)

22.4\(\pm\)5.1

32.9\(\pm\)6.1

< 0.001

 Obesity defined by BFP (\(\ge\)25% for males; \(\ge\)30% for females)

3,382 (29.5% among 11,481 males with BFP)

12,238 (69.6% among 17,593 females with BFP)

< 0.001

Waist circumference (cm)

88.0\(\pm\)8.5

83.3\(\pm\)9.6

< 0.001

 Abdominal obesity defined by WC (\(\ge\)90 cm for males; \(\ge\)80 cm for females)

4,899 (40.5%)

11,623 (62.5%)

< 0.001

Hip circumference (cm)

95.8\(\pm\)5.8

94.5\(\pm\)6.8

< 0.001

Waist-hip ratio

0.92\(\pm\)0.05

0.88\(\pm\)0.07

< 0.001

 Abdominal obesity defined by WHR (\(\ge\)0.90 for males; \(\ge\)0.85 for females)

7,630 (63.1%)

12,319 (66.2%)

< 0.001

Drinking (yes or no) 2

1,408 (11.6%)

236 (1.3%)

< 0.001

Smoking (yes or no) 3

1,624 (13.4%)

192 (1.0%)

< 0.001

Regular exercise (yes or no) 4

7,767 (64.2%)

11,564 (62.2%)

< 0.001

Status of chronic diseases 5

3,990 (33.0%)

4,889 (26.3%)

< 0.001

Status of depression

327 (2.7%)

861 (4.6%)

< 0.001

MMSE score

27.6\(\pm\)2.3

27.3\(\pm\)2.6

< 0.001

 Poor cognitive performance (MMSE score < = 24)

1,054 (8.7%)

2,400 (12.9%)

< 0.001

Education

   

 Refuse to answer this question

2 (0.02%)

8 (0.04%)

0.351

 Illiterate

8 (0.07%)

168 (0.90%)

< 0.001

 No formal education but

 literate

7 (0.06%)

41 (0.22%)

< 0.001

 Primary school graduate

1,106 (9.14%)

3,456 (18.58%)

< 0.001

 Junior high school graduate

1,053 (8.71%)

2,623 (14.10%)

< 0.001

 Senior high school graduate

3,202 (26.48%)

6,156 (33.09%)

< 0.001

 College graduate

5,570 (46.05%)

5,466 (29.39%)

< 0.001

 Master’s or higher degree

1,146 (9.47%)

685 (3.68%)

< 0.001

  1. Data are presented in n (%) or mean\(\pm\)SD.
  2. 1P-value of testing the mean difference between males and females, based on the proportion test (for BMI categories: underweight, healthy weight, overweight, and obese; drinking; smoking; regular exercise; status of chronic diseases; status of depression; MMSE score < = 24) or the two-sample t-test (for other variables). For P-values less than 0.001, I reported it as “< 0.001”
  3. 2 Drinking was defined as a person having a weekly intake of more than 150 mL of alcohol for at least 6 months and having not stopped drinking at the time he or she participated in the TWB.
  4. 3 Smoking was defined as a person who had smoked cigarettes for at least 6 months and had not quit smoking at the time he or she participated in the TWB.
  5. 4 Regular exercise was defined as performing 30min of exercise three times a week. Exercise included leisure-time activities such as swimming, jogging, cycling, mountain climbing, dancing, and weight training
  6. 5 Status of chronic diseases was defined as whether an individual had diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, heart diseases, stroke, or Parkinson’s disease
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BMC Geriatrics

ISSN: 1471-2318

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