Community-based mental health and well-being interventions for older adults in low- and middle-income countries: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Table 2 Risk of bias ratings for qualitative studies using the Critical Appraisal Skills Programme (CASP) for Qualitative Studies

Criteria	Azariah et al. (2019)	Li et al. (2020)	Sivis & Demir (2007)	Tang et al. (2015)
1. Was there a clear statement of the aims of the research?	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
2. Is a qualitative methodology appropriate?	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
3. Was the research design appropriate to address the aims of the research?	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
4. Was the recruitment strategy appropriate to the aims of the research?	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
5. Was the data collected in a way that addressed the research issue?	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
6. Has the relationship between researcher and participants been adequately considered?	No	No	No	No
7. Have ethical issues been taken into account?	Yes	No	No	No
8. Was the data analysis sufficiently rigorous?	Yes	Yes	No	Yes
9. Is there a clear statement of findings?	Yes	No	No	Yes
10. How valuable is the research?	Valuable	Limited	Limited	Valuable

ISSN: 1471-2318