Table 2 Multinomial regression model of the associations of predisposing, enabling, and need factors with the utilization of nursing care (N = 1549)

Age

1.056*

1.005

1.109

1.143***

1.069

1.224

Sex (Ref: female)

1.132

0.721

1.776

0.509

0.235

1.104

Socioeconomic status

0.995

0.985

1.006

0.983*

0.967

1.000

Migration background (Ref: no)

0.665

0.422

1.050

0.928

0.477

1.808

 100,000 to 499,999^a

1.498

0.959

2.340

0.563

0.282

1.124

 50,000 to 99,999

1.178

0.647

2.146

1.253

0.548

2.867

 5000 to 49,999

1.355

0.765

2.399

0.216**

0.079

0.592

Children (Ref: yes)^a

0.713

0.390

1.302

3.827**

1.710

8.564

Partnership status (Ref: no partnership)^a

0.577*

0.367

0.908

0.433*

0.195

0.962

Social isolation (Ref: no)

0.761

0.466

1.243

3.939***

2.056

7.546

Loneliness (Ref: never/rarely)^a

2.004

0.950

4.227

2.942*

1.581

7.892

 never/rarely

0.867

0.507

1.481

0.434

0.178

1.061

 sometimes

0.939

0.600

1.471

0.800

0.405

1.581

Self-rated health status

1.045

0.799

1.366

1.469

0.973

2.218

Basic activities of daily living

0.015***

0.006

0.036

0.010***

0.004

0.029

Instrumental activities of daily living

0.181***

0.111

0.295

0.044***

0.020

0.094

≥ 5 chronic conditions (Ref: no)

1.203

0.789

1.833

0.423*

0.204

0.878

 pre-frail^a

1.436

0.779

2.648

0.242**

0.101

0.577

 frail

1.136

0.528

2.445

0.085***

0.026

0.272

Dementia (DemTect)

0.625**

0.439

0.890

0.477**

0.309

0.738

Pseudo R-squared (Nagelkerke)^b