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Table 1 Description of study population differenciated by utilization of nursing care (N = 1549)

From: Individual characteristics associated with the utilization of nursing care in the very old population: a cross-sectional study

Variable

Total

NoNCU

OdpNCU

InpNCU

Total: weighted/unweighted

1549/1531 (100%/100%)

1083/1051 (69.9%/68.6%)

339/381 (21.9%/24.8%)

127/100 (8.2%/6.5%)

Age (years), mean (SD)

84.8 (4.0)

84.0 (3.4)

86.0 (4.1)

88.3 (5.0)

Sex

 male

575 (37.1%)

451 (41.6%)

107 (31.5%)

17 (13.5%)

 female

974 (62.9%)

632 (58.4%)

233 (68.5%)

109 (86.5%)

Socioeconomic statusa, mean (SD)

41.5 (20.7)

43.8 (20.9)

37.1 (20.0)

33.6 (16.7)

Migration background

 no

1189 (76.7%)

832 (76.8%)

263 (77.4%)

94 (74.6%)

 yes

360 (23.3%)

251 (23.2%)

77 (22.6%)

32 (25.4%)

Community type

 5000 to 49,999

207 (13.4%)

139 (12.8%)

58 (17.1%)

10 (7.9%)

 50,000 to 99,999

207 (13.4%)

137 (12.7%)

44 (12.9%)

26 (20.5%)

 100,000 to 499,999

527 (34.0%)

363 (33.5%)

126 (37.1%)

38 (30.1%)

  ≥ 500,000

607 (39.2%)

443 (40.9%)

112 (32.9%)

52 (41.5%)

Children

 no

178 (11.5%)

127 (11.7%)

27 (8.0%)

24 (19.0%)

 yes

1371 (88.5%)

956 (88.3%)

313 (92.0%)

102 (81.0%)

Partnership status

 no partnership

901 (58.2%)

553 (51.0%)

240 (70.8%)

108 (85.7%)

 in a partnership

647 (41.8%)

530 (49.0%)

99 (29.2%)

18 (14.3%)

Social isolation

 no

1213 (78.4%)

865 (79.9%)

283 (83.4%)

65 (51.8%)

 yes

335 (21.6%)

218 (20.1%)

56 (16.6%)

61 (48.2%)

Loneliness

 never/rarely

1471 (95.0%)

1051 (97.0%)

308 (90.9%)

112 (88.1%)

 mostly/always

78 (5.0%)

32 (3.0%)

31 (9.1%)

15 (11.9%)

Time spent with others

 never/rarely

225 (14.5%)

150 (13.9%)

61 (18.0%)

14 (11.3%)

 sometimes

393 (25.3%)

257 (23.7%)

98 (28.9%)

37 (29.6%)

 often/very often

931 (60.1%)

676 (62.4%)

181 (53.1%)

75 (59.1%)

Self-rated health status, mean (SD) (1 = very poor; 4 = very good)

2.7 (0.8)

2.7 (0.7)

2.4 (0.8)

2.7 (0.8)

Basic activities of daily living, mean (SD) (0 = not possible without help; 2 = no help needed)

1.7 (0.4)

1.9 (0.2)

1.3 (0.5)

1.2 (0.6)

Instrumental activities of daily, living, mean (SD) (0 = not possible without help; 2 = no help needed)

1.5 (0.6)

1.8 (0.3)

1.0 (0.5)

0.7 (0.6)

≥5 chronical conditions

 no

1110 (71.7%)

829 (76.5%)

185 (54.7%)

96 (75.6%)

 yes

438 (28.3%)

254 (23.5%)

154 (45.3%)

31 (24.4%)

Physical frailty

 robust

383 (24.8%)

347 (32.1%)

18 (5.3%)

18 (14.2%)

 pre-frail

884 (57.0%)

624 (57.6%)

196 (57.7%)

65 (51.2%)

 frail

281 (18.1%)

111 (10.3%)

126 (37.0%)

44 (34.6%)

Dementia (DemTect), mean (SD) (0 = dementia; 2 = no cognitive impairment)

1.6 (0.7)

1.8 (0.5)

1.4 (0.8)

0.9 (0.9)

  1. Weighted data
  2. NoNCU no nursing care use, odpNCU outpatient, day, and/or private nursing care use, inpNCU inpatient nursing care usem, SD standard deviation. When values differed among the imputed datasets, average values were reported. *p < 0.05; **p < 0.01; ***p < 0.001
  3. aBased on Ganzeboom and Treiman [26], a value of 42 represents professions such as firefighters or aircraft engine mechanics; 44, general managers of restaurants and hotels (small enterprises); 37, market salespersons or bookbinders; and 34, heavy truck drivers or waiters/waitresses