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Table 2 Association between urinary thiocyanate, nitrate, and perchlorate levels and α-Klotho levels assessed using multiple linear regression models (n = 4.875)

From: Association between environmental exposure to perchlorate, nitrate, and thiocyanate and serum α-Klotho levels among adults from the National Health and nutrition examination survey (2007–2014)

Urinary biomarkers

n

Crude model β (95% CI)

P

P for trend

Adjusted modela β (95% CI)

P

P for trend

Thiocyanate (ng/ml)

4875

  

< 0.001

  

0.007

 Q1

1217

Reference

  

Reference

  

 Q2

1212

−5.183 (−37.650, 27.284)

0.76

 

2.114 (−28.049, 32.276)

0.89

 

 Q3

1223

−21.587 (−59.246, 16.072)

0.27

 

−9.407 (−45.380, 26.567)

0.61

 

 Q4

1223

− 39.151 (−72.874, −5.429)

0.03

 

−33.240 (−69.913, 3.432)

0.08

 

Thiocyanate levels

 

−0.005 (−0.008, − 0.003)

0.0002

 

−0.006 (− 0.010, − 0.003)

0.0004

 

Nitrate × 10−3 (ng/mL)

4875

  

0.02

  

0.66

 Q1

1256

Reference

  

Reference

  

 Q2

1260

−7.260 (−40.930–26.409)

0.67

 

−1.080 (−36.328–34.167)

0.95

 

 Q3

1257

11.929 (−23.801–47.659)

0.52

 

24.678 (−16.340–65.696)

0.25

 

 Q4

1266

−32.880 (−70.037–4.277)

0.09

 

−15.560 (−61.376–30.255)

0.51

 

Nitrate × 10−3 levels

4875

−0.000 (−0.000 − 0.000)

0.19

 

–0.000 (−0.00–0.000)

0.50

 

Perchlorate (ng/mL)

4875

  

0.63

  

0.11

 Q1

1249

Reference

  

Reference

  

 Q2

1268

8.954 (−25.792–43.700)

0.62

 

26.810 (−6.710–60.331)

0.13

 

 Q3

1261

−19.580 (−49.561–10.401)

0.21

 

14.088 (−15.435–43.611)

0.36

 

 Q4

1261

15.435 (−22.211–53.081)

0.42

 

50.567 (14.407–86.726)

0.009

 

Perchlorate levels

 

0.038 (−0.585–0.661)

0.91

 

0.389 (−0.047–0.825)

0.09

 
  1. CI confidence interval
  2. aAdjusted for age, sex, body mass index, race, alcohol consumption, estimated glomerular filtration rate, underlying disease, physical activity, smoking status, usual energy intake, and urinary creatinine and serum cotinine levels and mutually adjusted for urinary perchlorate, urinary nitrate, and urinary thiocyanate levels