Differential associations between simple physical performance tests with global and specific cognitive functions in cognitively normal and mild cognitive impairment: a cross-sectional cohort study of Asian community-dwelling older adults

Table 6 Associations between 30s-CST and executive function-based neurocognitive tests– added interaction term between 30s-CST and cognitive status

Neurocognitive tests/ physical performance tests	30s-CST Interaction Model
	30s-CST		Cognitive Status		30s-CST x Cognitive Status
	β (95% CI)	p-values	β (95% CI)	p-values	β (95% CI)	p-values	R²change
Global Cognition- MMSE	0.066 (-0.009 to 0.140)	0.084	-0.272 (-1.074 to 0.530)	0.506	-0.042 (-0.097 to 0.013)	0.136	0.002
Digit span forward	-0.012 (-0.114 to 0.09)	0.812	-0.621 (-1.717 to 0.474)	0.266	0.022 (-0.053 to 0.098)	0.559	0.000
Digit span backward	-0.002 (-0.085 to 0.082)	0.972	-0.893 (-1.79 to 0.003)	0.051	0.007 (-0.055 to 0.068)	0.834	0.000
CTT 1	0.411 (-0.393 to 1.214)	0.316	20.289 (11.662 to 28.916)	<0.001***	-0.735 (-1.33 to -0.141)	0.015*	0.007
CTT 2	0.493 (-0.838 to 1.825)	0.467	30.478 (16.181 to 44.775)	<0.001***	-0.785 (-1.771 to 0.201)	0.118	0.002
CTT Interference	0 (-0.024 to 0.025)	0.972	-0.136 (-0.403 to 0.131)	0.319	0.012 (-0.007 to 0.03)	0.211	0.002

Notes: MMSE mini-mental state examination, CTT color trail test, TUG timed up and go test, FGS fast gait speed, 30s-CST 30-second chair stand test, β unstandardized beta-coefficient, 95% CI 95% confidence interval
* indicates p<0.05, ** indicates p<0.01, and *** indicates p<0.001
All the statistical models here were built on top of the respective adjusted models from Table 3, with the addition of an interaction term between physical performance tests and cognitive status. Reference group was the cognitively normal group. For TUG and FGS, a higher score indicates lower performance. Whereas for 30s-CST, a higher score indicates higher performance. For all cognitive tests, a higher score indicates better cognitive performance, except for only Color Trails Test (CTT) 1 & 2, in which a higher score indicates lower cognitive performance

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