The effects of a combination of 3D virtual reality and hands-on horticultural activities on mastery, achievement motives, self-esteem, isolation and depression: a quasi-experimental study

Table 3 Summary of independent t-tests between experimental and comparison groups at baseline

Variable	Experimental group (n = 32)		Comparison group (n = 30)		t	p
Variable	Mean	SD	Mean	SD	t	p
Self-esteem	30.97	3.22	30.43	3.42	0.64	.528
Depression	2.88	2.64	4.08	3.27	−1.44	.156
Isolation	6.11	2.04	6.07	2.05	0.07	.944
Mastery	20.81	2.33	20.64	3.33	0.23	.822
Achievement Motives	3.40	3.16	2.50	3.44	1.06	.296

ISSN: 1471-2318