Table 2 Baseline characteristics of participants
Variable | The experimental group (n = 32) | Comparison group (n = 30) | t/χ2 | p | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Mean ± SD | n(%) | Mean ± SD | n(%) | |||
Age | 70.94 ± 5.0 |  | 69.83 ± 3.8 |  | t = 0.98 | .129 |
Gender |  |  |  |  | χ2 = 2.39 | .122 |
 Male |  | 8 (25.0) |  | 3 (10.0) |  |  |
 Female |  | 24 (75.0) |  | 27 (90.0) |  |  |
Education |  |  |  |  | χ2 = 9.01 | .108 |
 Illiteracy |  | 1 (3.1) |  | 3 (10.0) |  |  |
 Primary |  | 3 (9.4) |  | 8 (26.7) |  |  |
 Secondary |  | 4 (12.5) |  | 5 (16.7) |  |  |
 High school |  | 6 (18.8) |  | 4 (13.3) |  |  |
 University |  | 18 (56.3) |  | 10 (33.3) |  |  |
Marital status |  |  |  |  | χ2 = 5.86 | .119 |
 Married |  | 19 (59.4) |  | 20 (66.7) |  |  |
 Widowed |  | 5 (15.6) |  | 8 (26.7) |  |  |
 Divorced/separated |  | 3 (9.4) |  | 2 (6.7) |  |  |
 Never married |  | 5 (15.6) |  | 0 (0.0) |  |  |
Regular social events |  |  |  |  | χ2 = 1.61 | .204 |
 No |  | 7 (21.9) |  | 3 (10.0) |  |  |
 Yes |  | 25 (78.1) |  | 27 (90.0) |  |  |
Chronic disease history |  |  |  |  | χ2 = 0.26 | .871 |
 No |  | 9 (28.1) |  | 9 (30.0) |  |  |
 Yes |  | 23 (71.9) |  | 21 (70.0) |  |  |