Fig. 5

DCA of the nomogram in the training set (A) and the validation set (B). If the probability of death is high, it is necessary to treat. The Y-axis represents a net benefit, which quantifies the benefits of patients from treatment. The X-axis threshold probability indicates the probability of death of patients. The horizontal green line indicates that assuming all patients die, the net benefit of treatment is 0. The slanted dark green line indicates that assuming all patients survive, the net benefit decreases as the threshold increases. The yellow line was the traditional TNM tumor staging system, and the red line was the nomogram. When the threshold is between 0 and 100%, the clinical value of the nomogram is better than that of the traditional TNM staging, and it is significantly more beneficial than the assumed death or survival of all patients