Table 1 The characteristics of patients before and after PSM
Characteristic | Before PSM (n = 29,608) | After PSM (1:1) (n = 10,062) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
SII ≤ 650 (n = 22,635) | SII > 650 (n = 6973) | SMD | SII ≤ 650 (n = 5031) | SII > 650 (n = 5031) | SMD | |
Age, years | 70(67,74) | 71(67,76) | 0.238 | 71.0 (67.0, 76.0) | 71.0 (67.0, 75.0) | 0.04 |
Sex (male), n (%) | 11,208(49.5) | 3858(55.3) | 0.117 | 2716 (54.0) | 2725 (54.2) | 0.004 |
BMI, kg·m,2 | 24.62(22.45,26.94) | 23.72(21.34,26.16) | 0.261 | 24.0 (21.8, 26.4) | 23.9 (21.6, 26.4) | 0.024 |
Smoking, n (%) | 5134(22.7) | 1763(25.3) | 0.061 | 1253 (24.9) | 1268 (25.2) | 0.007 |
Alcohol consumption, n (%) | 4806(21.2) | 1624(23.3) | 0.049 | 1141 (22.7) | 1185 (23.6) | 0.021 |
Hypertension, n (%) | 10,762(47.5) | 3474(49.8) | 0.046 | 2388 (47.5) | 2499 (49.7) | 0.044 |
Diabetes, n (%) | 5245(23.2) | 1761(25.3) | 0.049 | 1283 (25.5) | 1231 (24.5) | 0.024 |
Cardiovascular diseases, n (%) | 2209(9.8) | 674(9.7) | 0.003 | 517 (10.3) | 473 (9.4) | 0.029 |
COPD, n (%) | 803(3.5) | 382(5.5) | 0.093 | 229 (4.6) | 257 (5.1) | 0.026 |
Cerebrovascular disease, n (%) | 2114(9.3) | 783(11.2) | 0.062 | 506 (10.1) | 542 (10.8) | 0.023 |
CKD, n (%) | 220(1) | 142(2) | 0.088 | 76 (1.5) | 70 (1.4) | 0.01 |
Depression and anxiety, n (%) | 115(0.5) | 46(0.7) | 0.02 | 33 (0.7) | 36 (0.7) | 0.007c |
Non-independent functional status, n (%) | 5630(24.9) | 3147(45.1) | 0.435 | 2005 (39.9) | 1867 (37.1) | 0.056 |
ASA, n (%) | Â | Â | 0.29 | Â | Â | 0.096 |
 I | 298(1.3) | 59(0.8) |  | 49 (1.0) | 48 (1.0) |  |
 II | 18,466(81.6) | 4963(71.2) |  | 3862 (76.8) | 3729 (74.1) |  |
 III | 3802(16.8) | 1801(25.8) |  | 1088 (21.6) | 1179 (23.4) |  |
 IV | 69(0.3) | 150(2.2) |  | 32 (0.6) | 75 (1.5) |  |
Emergency surgery, n (%) | 348(1.5) | 454(6.5) | 0.255 | 147 (2.9) | 193 (3.8) | 0.051 |
Hemoglobin, g·L−1 | 132(122,142) | 123(109,137) | 0.5 | 127.0 (115.0, 137.0) | 126.0 (113.0, 139.0) | 0.014 |
WBC count, *109/L | 5.63(4.75,6.62) | 7.4(6.08,9) | 0.843 | 6.8 (5.7, 8.0) | 6.7 (5.7, 7.9) | 0.009 |
Monocytes, *109/L | 0.07(0.06,0.08) | 0.06(0.05,0.08) | 0.066 | Â | Â | Â |
Glu, mmol/L | 5.05(4.63,5.73) | 5.46(4.82,6.61) | 0.339 | 5.2 (4.7, 6.2) | 5.3 (4.8, 6.3) | 0.017 |
Albumin, g/L | 40.2(37.9,42.5) | 38.1(34.7,41.3) | 0.519 | 39.0 (36.4, 41.6) | 38.9 (35.8, 42.0) | 0.018 |
Cre, μmol/L | 70.9(60.7,82.6) | 70.1(58.8,83.6) | 0.048 | 72.0 (61.1, 84.4) | 70.40 (59.3, 83.0) | 0.076 |
Total bilirubin, μmol/L | 11(8.5,14.3) | 10.8(7.9,15.7) | 0.262 | 10.50 (8.0, 14.3) | 10.70 (7.8, 14.9) | 0.06 |
AST, U/L | 14.7(11,21.1) | 14.8(10.3,24.8) | 0.174 | 14.9 (10.7, 22.3) | 14.20(10.2, 23.1) | 0.019 |
ALT, U/L | 16.8(14.1,20.9) | 16.7(13.4,23.3) | 0.167 | 16.8 (13.9, 21.9) | 16.4 (13.4, 21.8) | 0.006 |
PT, s | 13.2(12.7,13.7) | 13.4(12.9,14.1) | 0.237 | 13.3 (12.8, 13.9) | 13.3 (12.8, 13.9) | 0.035 |
Preoperative medication, n (%) | ||||||
 Anticholinergic drug | 13,292 (58.7) | 3632 (52.1) | 0.134 | 2807 (55.8) | 2809 (55.8) | 0.001 |
 NSAIDs | 1509 (6.7) | 506 (7.3) | 0.023 | 358 (7.1) | 331 (6.6) | 0.021 |
 Benzodiazepines | 5144 (22.7) | 1493 (21.4) | 0.032 | 1126 (22.4) | 1051 (20.9) | 0.036 |
 Antipsychotic drugs | 60 (0.3) | 47 (0.7) | 0.06 | 20 (0.4) | 27 (0.5) | 0.02 |
Type of surgery, n (%) | Â | Â | 0.261 | Â | Â | 0.16 |
 Hepatopancreatobiliary and gastrointestinal surgery | 7265(32.1) | 2849(40.9) |  | 1932 (38.4) | 2199 (43.7) |  |
 Orthopedic surgery | 6466(28.6) | 2183(31.3) |  | 1594 (31.7) | 1367 (27.2) |  |
 Urinary surgery | 2238(9.9) | 437(6.3) |  | 352 (7.0) | 308 (6.1) |  |
 Thoracic surgery | 1723(7.6) | 415(6) |  | 341 (6.8) | 291 (5.8) |  |
 E.N.T | 1181(5.2) | 301(4.3) |  | 201 (4.0) | 289 (5.7) |  |
 Gynecology | 839(3.7) | 163(2.3) |  | 134 (2.7) | 157 (3.1) |  |
 Vascular surgery | 952(4.2) | 229(3.3) |  | 163 (3.2) | 131 (2.6) |  |
 Others | 1971(8.7) | 396(5.7) |  | 314 (6.2) | 289 (5.7) |  |
Anesthesia method, n (%) | Â | Â | 0.134 | Â | Â | 0.056 |
 Basal anesthesia | 255(1.1) | 121(1.7) |  | 58 (1.2) | 73 (1.5) |  |
 Epidural anesthesia | 426(1.9) | 114(1.6) |  | 94 (1.9) | 63 (1.3) |  |
 Nerve blocks | 418(1.8) | 205(2.9) |  | 116 (2.3) | 117 (2.3) |  |
 General anesthesia | 19,006(84) | 5540(79.4) |  | 4163 (82.7) | 4169 (82.9) |  |
 General anesthesia combined with other anesthesia | 2530(11.2) | 993(14.2) |  | 600 (11.9) | 609 (12.1) |  |
Duration of surgery, min | 130.0(85.0,190.0) | 140.0(95.0,210.0) | 0.164 | 10.00 (0.00, 30.00) | 10.00 (0.00, 30.00) | 0.022 |
Duration of anesthesia, min | 178.0(127.0,240.0) | 190.0(140.0,260.0) | 0.169 | 5.00 (0.00, 15.00) | 5.00 (0.00, 15.00) | 0.007 |
Blood loss, ml | 100.0(30.0,200.0) | 100.0(50.0,200.0) | 0.113 | 100.0 (50.0, 200.0) | 100.0 (50.0, 200.0) | 0.033 |
Urine, ml | 200.0(100.0,500.0) | 250.0(100.0,500.0) | 0.047 | 300.0 (100.0,600.0) | 250.0 (100.0, 500.0) | 0.063 |
Crystalloid, ml | 1300.0(1100.0,2100.0) | 1600.0(1100.0,2100.0) | 0.153 | 1600.0 (1100.0, 2100.0) | 1600.0 (1100.0, 2100.0) | 0.055 |
Colloid, ml | 500.0(0,500.0) | 500.0(0,500.0) | 0.163 | 500.0 (0, 500.0) | 500.0 (0.0, 500.0) | 0.063 |
Blood transfusion, n | 2763 (12.2) | 1420 (20.4) | 0.222 | 821 (16.3) | 949 (18.9) | 0.067 |
Duration of SBP > 140 mmHg, min | 5.0(0,25.0) | 10.0(0,30.0) | 0.141 | 10.0 (0, 30.0) | 10.0 (0.0, 30.0) | 0.022 |
Duration of MAP < 60 mmHg, min | 5.0(0,10.0) | 5.0(0,15.0) | 0.104 | 5.0 (0, 15.0) | 5.0 (0.0, 15.0) | 0.007 |
Intraoperative medication, n (%) | ||||||
Glucocorticoid | 14,303 (63.2) | 4324 (62.0) | 0.024 | 3155 (62.7) | 3251 (64.6) | 0.04 |
Dexmedetomidine | 2262 (10.0) | 692 (9.9) | 0.002 | 532 (10.6) | 442 (8.8) | 0.061 |
POD, n (%) | 514 (2.3) | 413 (5.9) | 0.185 | 170 (3.4) | 219 (4.4) | 0.051 |