Table 1 Characteristics of the study population
From: Effects of continuity of care on hospitalizations and healthcare costs in older adults with dementia
Before matching (n = 85,417) | After matching (n = 69,658) | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Low COCIa (n = 42,070) | High COCI (n = 43,347) | p-value | Low COCIa (n = 34,829) | High COCI (n = 34,829) | p-value | |
Patient characteristics | ||||||
Age (mean, SD) | 80.8 ± 7 | 79.8 ± 7 | < .0001*** | 80.3 ± 7 | 80.5 ± 7 | 0.0097** |
Age (N, %) | < .0001*** | 0.0045** | ||||
65–69 | 2660 (6.32%) | 3608 (8.32%) | 2444 (7.02%) | 2330 (6.69%) | ||
70–74 | 5648 (13.43%) | 6999 (16.15%) | 5075 (14.57%) | 5025 (14.43%) | ||
75–79 | 8836 (21.00%) | 9829 (22.68%) | 7711 (22.14%) | 7715 (22.15%) | ||
80–84 | 11,937 (28.37%) | 11,563 (26.68%) | 9871 (28.34%) | 9614 (27.60%) | ||
≧85 | 12,989 (30.87%) | 11,348 (26.18%) | 9728 (27.93%) | 10,145 (29.13%) | ||
Gender (N, %) | 0.6791 | 0.2996 | ||||
Male | 17,844 (42.42%) | 18,325 (42.28%) | 14,603 (41.93%) | 14,468 (41.54%) | ||
Female | 24,226 (57.58%) | 25,022 (57.72%) | 20,226 (58.07%) | 20,361 (58.46%) | ||
CCI score (mean, SD) | 1.57 ± 1.63 | 1.48 ± 1.58 | < .0001*** | 1.51 ± 1.59 | 1.50 ± 1.58 | 0.2512 |
CCI score (N, %) | < .0001*** | 0.0267** | ||||
0 | 12,498 (29.71%) | 13,504 (31.15%) | 10,864 (31.19%) | 10,781 (30.95%) | ||
1 | 12,341 (29.33%) | 13,255 (30.58%) | 10,280 (29.52%) | 10,599 (30.43%) | ||
≧2 | 17,231 (40.96%) | 16,588 (38.27%) | 13,685 (39.29%) | 13,449 (38.61%) | ||
Low income household status (N, %) | < .0001*** | 0.5875 | ||||
No | 41,660 (99.03%) | 43,018 (99.24%) | 34,533 (99.15%) | 34,546 (99.19%) | ||
Yes | 410 (0.97%) | 329 (0.76%) | 296 (0.85%) | 283 (0.81%) | ||
Residence location (N, %)b | < .0001*** | < .0001*** | ||||
Northern | 17,646 (41.95%) | 19,709 (45.47%) | 14,696 (42.19%) | 15,934 (45.75%) | ||
Central | 11,027 (26.21%) | 10,398 (23.99%) | 9280 (26.64%) | 8364 (24.01%) | ||
Southern | 11,779 (28.00%) | 12,126 (27.97%) | 9680 (27.79%) | 9640 (27.68%) | ||
Eastern | 1288 (3.06%) | 1013 (2.34%) | 986 (2.83%) | 832 (2.39%) | ||
Offshore islands | 328 (0.78%) | 100 (0.23%) | 187 (0.54%) | 59 (0.17%) | ||
Baseline healthcare use | ||||||
OPD visits (mean) | 40.3 | 36.0 | < .0001*** | 37.9 | 38.3 | 0.0692 |
Admission (N, %) | < .0001*** | < .0001*** | ||||
No | 23,778 (56.52%) | 31,432 (72.51%) | 22,473 (64.52%) | 23,464 (67.37%) | ||
Yes | 18,292 (43.48%) | 11,915 (27.49%) | 12,356 (35.48%) | 11,365 (32.63%) | ||
Previous year healthcare use | ||||||
OPD visits (mean, SD)b | 37.7 ± 25.7 | 35.0 ± 24.0 | < .0001*** | 36.1 ± 24.3 | 36.6 ± 24.9 | 0.0034** |
Admission (N, %)b | < .0001*** | < .0001*** | ||||
No | 27,342 (64.99%) | 31,722 (73.18%) | 23,727 (68.12%) | 25,131 (72.16%) | ||
Yes | 14,728 (35.01%) | 11,625 (26.82%) | 11,102 (31.88%) | 9698 (27.84%) | ||
Facility characteristics | ||||||
Hospital accreditation level (N, %) | < .0001*** | 0.7107 | ||||
Medical center | 10,511 (25.56%) | 12,152 (28.03%) | 9381 (26.93%) | 9405 (27.00%) | ||
Regional hospital | 15,019 (36.53%) | 15,119 (34.88%) | 12,649 (36.32%) | 12,603 (36.19%) | ||
District hospital | 8012 (19.48%) | 6399 (14.76%) | 5802 (16.66%) | 5901 (16.94%) | ||
Clinic | 7577 (18.43%) | 9332 (21.53%) | 6997 (20.09%) | 6920 (19.87%) | ||
Hospital Ownership (N, %) | < .0001*** | 0.0773 | ||||
Public | 16,487 (39.19%) | 15,271 (35.23%) | 13,031 (37.41%) | 13,257 (38.06%) | ||
Private | 25,583 (60.81%) | 28,076 (64.77%) | 21,798 (62.59%) | 21,572 (61.94%) | ||