Table 1 Baseline characteristics of participants stratified by fall worry levels at T1 (N = 6202 ~ 6376)
Characteristics | No fear of falling (n = 4513, 70.8%) | Had fear of falling but not activity restrictions (n = 1215, 19.0%) | Had activity restrictions (n = 648, 10.2%) | P values |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Age, M ± SD | 77.1 ± 7.48 | 79.9 ± 7.83 | 80.5 ± 8.13 | .005 |
Sex, n (%) | <.001 | |||
Female | 2455 (54.4) | 816 (67.2) | 434 (67.0) | |
Male | 2058 (45.6) | 399 ((32.8) | 214 (33.0) | |
Race/ethnicity, n (%) | <.001 | |||
White, non-Hispanic | 3059 (67.8) | 893 (73.5) | 454 (70.0) | |
Black, non-Hispanic | 1011 (22.4) | 187 (15.4) | 105 (16.2) | |
Hispanic | 232 (5.1) | 83 (6.8) | 51 (7.9) | |
Other | 211 (4.7) | 52 (4.3) | 38 (5.9) | |
Education, n (%) | .001 | |||
Less than high school | 890 (20.1) | 278 (23.2) | 168 (26.7) | |
High school graduate | 1155 (26.1) | 333 (27.8) | 162 (25.7) | |
Some college or vocational school | 1185 (26.8) | 300 (25.1) | 162 (25.7) | |
College or higher | 1196 (27.0) | 285 (23.8) | 138 (21.9) | |
Living arrangement, n (%) | <.001 | |||
Alone | 1449 (32.1) | 476 (39.2) | 258 (39.8) | |
With spouse/partner only | 1862 (41.3) | 417 (34.3) | 195 (30.1) | |
With others only | 741 (16.4) | 238 (19.6) | 152 (23.5) | |
With spouse/partner and others | 461 (10.2) | 84 (6.9) | 43 (6.6) | |
BMI, n (%) | <.001 | |||
Normal (< 30 kg/m2) | 3145 (71.4) | 783 (66.6) | 393 (63.3) | |
Obese (≥30 kg/m2) | 1261 (28.6) | 392 (33.4) | 228 (36.7) | |
Pain, n (%) | <.001 | |||
No | 2346 (52.0) | 405 (33.4) | 144 (22.3) | |
Yes | 2162 (48.0) | 807 (66.6) | 503 (77.7) | |
Number of ADL impairment, M ± SD | 0.36 ± 0.86 | 0.66 ± 1.07 | 1.53 ± 1.36 | <.001 |
Number of IADL impairment, M ± SD | 0.68 ± 1.27 | 1.25 ± 1.55 | 2.38 ± 1.70 | <.001 |
Hospitalization, n (%) | <.001 | |||
No | 3692 (81.9) | 907 (74.9) | 421 (65.4) | |
Yes | 816 (18.1) | 304 (25.1) | 223 (34.6) | |
Fall history, n (%) | <.001 | |||
No | 3353 (74.4) | 664 (54.8) | 288 (44.4) | |
Yes | 1154 (25.6) | 548 (45.2) | 360 (55.6) | |
Dementia, n (%) | <.001 | |||
No | 4281 (94.9) | 1144 (94.5) | 561 (86.7) | |
Yes | 228 (5.1) | 67 (5.5) | 86 (13.3) | |
Number of chronic illnesses, n (%) | <.001 | |||
0 | 438 (9.7) | 33 (2.7) | 11 (1.7) | |
1–3 | 3205 (71.0) | 806 (66.3) | 356 (54.9) | |
4+ | 870 (19.3) | 376 (31.0) | 281 (43.4) | |
Problems with balance, n (%) | <.001 | |||
No | 3587 (79.5) | 564 (46.4) | 123 (19.0) | |
Yes | 923 (20.5) | 651 (53.6) | 523 (81.0) | |
Anxiety symptoms, n (%) | <.001 | |||
No | 4200 (93.6) | 1019 (84.8) | 469 (73.2) | |
Yes | 286 (6.4) | 183 (15.2) | 172 (26.8) | |
Depressive symptoms, n (%) | <.001 | |||
No | 4085 (91.2) | 1016 (84.7) | 420 (65.6) | |
Yes | 392 (8.8) | 184 (15.3) | 220 (34.4) |