Table 1 Participant characteristics

Sex: Female/Male ^a, n (%)

22 (68.75)/10 (31.25)

22 (70.97)/9 (29.03)

26 (86.67)/4 (13.33)

70 (75.27)/23 (24.73)

0.212

Age^b (years), mean ± SD

69.91 ± 6.96

71.81 ± 9.46

63.57 ± 4.78

68.49 ± 8.06

 < 0.001

Weight ^b (kg), mean ± SD

63.03 ± 11.39

57.68 ± 11.48

56.73 ± 11.63

59.22 ± 11.71

0.070

Height^b (cm), mean ± SD

158.41 ± 7.54

158.06 ± 9.59

155.90 ± 6.73

157.48 ± 8.04

0.422

Body mass index ^b (kg/m²)

25.02 ± 3.52

23.01 ± 3.79

23.30 ± 4.29

23.80 ± 3.93

0.089

Years of education ^b (years), mean ± SD

13.16 ± 5.19

10.35 ± 6.25

15.87 ± 3.07

13.10 ± 5.46

 < 0.001

MoCA ^a (scores), Median (IQR)

25 (21 − 27)

14 (10 − 20)

28 (26 − 29)

25 (18 − 28)

 < 0.001

Disease duration ^c (years), mean ± SD

3.38 ± 3.83

4.68 ± 3.25

N/A

4.02 ± 3.59

0.151

Type, n (%) amnestic MCI/non-amnestic MCI or AD/FTLD/DLB/VaD

15 (46.88)/17(53.1)

20 (64.52)/6 (19.35)/

3 (9.68)/2 (6.45)

N/A

N/A

N/A

Comorbidity ^a: yes/no, n (%) ^**

  Hypertension

19 (65.52)/10 (34.48)

17 (60.71)/11 (39.29)

4 (15.28)/22 (84.62)

40 (48.19)/43 (51.81)

 < 0.001

  Diabetes mellitus

9 (31.03)/20 (68.97)

7 (25.00)/21 (75.00)

3 (11.54)/23 (88.46)

19 (22.89)/64 (77.11)

0.221

  Heart disease

3 (10.34)/26 (89.66)

2 (7.14)/26 (92.86)

1 (3.85)/25 (96.15)

6 (7.23)/77 (92.77)

0.653

  Cerebrovascular disease

6 (20.69)/23 (79.31)

3 (10.71)/25 (89.29)

1 (3.85)/25 (96.15)

10 (12.05)/73 (87.95)

0.158

  Thyroid disease

4 (13.79)/25 (86.21)

3 (10.71)/25 (89.29)

3 (11.54)/23 (88.46)

10 (12.05)/73 (87.95)

0.935

FAC ^a (scores), n (%) 4/5

2 (6.25)/ 30 (93.75)

7 (22.58)/24 (77.42)

0 (0)/100 (100)

9 (9.68)/84 (90.32)

0.009