Table 1 Baseline characteristics of the included participants according to the level of FPG

Age, years

65 (62–72)

65 (62–72)

65 (62–72)

66 (62–72)

0.001

SBP, mmHg

130 (120–145)

130 (120–142)

135 (121–150)

138 (125–150)

 < 0.001

TG, mmol/L

1.26 (0.92–1.63)

1.23 (0.90–1.60)

1.34 (1.00–1.83)

1.48 (1.09–2.13)

 < 0.001

TC, mmol/L

4.76 (4.18–5.36)

4.71 (4.16–5.31)

4.86 (4.23–5.53)

4.97 (4.31–5.62)

 < 0.001

BMI, kg/m²

23.94 (22.09–26.35)

23.81 (21.99–26.08)

24.73 (22.76–27.21)

25.11 (22.99–27.55)

 < 0.001

Sex

 < 0.001

 Male

28,367 (47.4)

23,654 (48.2)

2587 (43.9)

2126 (43.2)

 Female

31,507 (52.6)

25,403 (51.8)

3311 (56.1)

2793 (56.8)

Smoking

 < 0.001

 Never

51,437 (85.9)

41,973 (85.6)

5155 (87.4)

4309 (87.6)

 Former

1300 (2.2)

1043 (2.1)

142 (2.4)

115 (2.3)

 Current

7137 (11.9)

6041 (12.3)

601 (10.2)

495 (10.1)

Alcohol consumption

0.001

 Never

55,915 (93.4)

45,863 (93.5)

5506 (93.4)

4546 (92.4)

 Once in a while

2365 (3.9)

1938 (4.0)

218 (3.7)

209 (4.2)

 More than once a week

504 (0.8)

416 (0.8)

50 (0.8)

38 (0.8)

 Every day

1090 (1.8)

840 (1.7)

124 (2.1)

126 (2.6)

Physical exercise

 < 0.001

 Never

45,161 (75.4)

37,447 (76.3)

4246 (72.0)

3468 (70.5)

 Once in a while

3008 (5.0)

2514 (5.1)

265 (4.5)

229 (4.7)

 More than once a week

2013 (3.4)

1647 (3.4)

200 (3.4)

166 (3.4)

 Every day

9692 (16.2)

7449 (15.2)

1187 (20.1)

1056 (21.5)

BMI (kg/m²) categories

 < 0.001

 BMI < 18.5

1288 (2.2)

1152 (2.3)

91 (1.5)

45 (0.9)

 18.5 ≤ BMI < 24

28,982 (48.4)

24,798 (50.5)

2390 (40.5)

1794 (36.5)

 24 ≤ BMI < 28

21,615 (36.1)

17,261 (35.2)

2305 (39.1)

2049 (41.7)

 BMI ≥ 28

7989 (13.3)

5846 (11.9)

1112(18.9)

1031 (21.0)

Self-reported comorbidity

 < 0.001

 CHD, COPD, cancer, stroke

14,888 (24.9)

11,830 (24.1)

1597 (27.1)

1461 (29.7)

Death

7928 (13.2)

6457 (13.2)

712 (12.1)

759 (15.4)

 < 0.001