From: Relationship between diet quality and depression among Iranian older adults in Tehran
Variables | Total n (%) | GDS-SF scores n (%) | p-value | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
\(<\)6 (normal) | \(\ge\)6 (with depression) | ||||
Total n (%) | 583 | 452 (77.5)a | 131 (22.5)a | ||
Age (years) | 65 – 60 | 203 (34.8) | 160 (35.4) | 43 (32.8) | 0.340 |
74—65 | 268 (46.0) | 211 (46.7) | 57 (43.5) | ||
80—74 | 112 (19.2) | 81 (17.9) | 31 (23.7) | ||
Sex | Male | 279 (47.9) | 239 (52.9) | 40 (30.5) | 0.001 >  |
Female | 304 (52.1) | 213 (47.1) | 91 (69.5) | ||
Ethnicity | Fars | 328 (56.5) | 254 (56.4) | 74 (56.4) | 0.365 |
Azeri | 126 (21.7) | 95 (21.1) | 31 (23.7) | ||
Gilak and Mazani | 37 (6.4) | 26 (5.8) | 11 (8.4) | ||
Other ethnics | 90 (15.5) | 75 (16.7) | 15 (11.5) | ||
Education | Illiterate/Primary/secondary school | 392 (67.2) | 285 (63.1) | 107 (81.7) | 0.001 >  |
High school diploma | 107 (18.4) | 89 (19.7) | 18 (13.7) | ||
University degree | 84 (14.4) | 78 (17.3) | 6 (4.6) | ||
Marital status | Single/widow/divorced | 119 (20.4) | 83 (18.4) | 36 (27.5) | 0.027 |
Married | 464 (79.6) | 369 (81.6) | 95 (72.5) | ||
Living status | Alone | 68 (11.7) | 47 (10.4) | 21 (16.0) | 0.089 |
With family/nurse | 515 (88.3) | 405 (89.6) | 110 (84.0) | ||
Job status | with income (paid job) | 309 (53.0) | 267 (59.1) | 42 (32.1) | 0.001 >  |
With no income | 274 (47.0) | 185 (40.9) | 89 (67.9) | ||
Monthly household income (million IRR) |  < 10 | 96 (16.9) | 48 (10.9) | 48 (37.2) | 0.001b >  |
10 – 20 | 266 (46.7) | 206 (46.8) | 60 (46.5) | ||
20 – 30 | 110 (19.3) | 96 (21.8) | 14 (10.9) | ||
 > 30 | 97 (17.0) | 90 (20.5) | 7 (5.4) | ||
Smoking status | Current smoker | 46 (7.9) | 38 (8.4) | 8 (6.2) | 0.465 |
Sleep pattern | Irregular | 232 (40.0) | 150 (33.3) | 82 (63.1) | 0.001 >  |
Taking medication | yes | 505 (87.4) | 381 (85.2) | 124 (94.7) | 0.004 |
ADL | Independent | 534 (92.1) | 407 (90.6) | 127 (96.9) | 0.007b |
IADL | Independent | 487 (84.5) | 391 (87.3) | 96 (75.0) | 0.003b |
BMI (kg/m2)c | Â | 28.3521 \(\pm\) 4.69739 | 28.0975 \(\pm\) 4.63335 | 29.2176 \(\pm\) 4.82725 | 0.017 |
Mid-arm circumference (mm)c | 30.4329 \(\pm\) 3.61279 | 30.2393 \(\pm\) 3.41241 | 31.0977 \(\pm\) 4.17608 | 0.017 | |
Calf circumference (mm)c | 37.2672 \(\pm\) 3.69475 | 37.1982 \(\pm\) 3.50423 | 37.5054 \(\pm\) 4.29493 | 0.404 |