Skip to main content

Table 1 General characteristics of participants across GDS-SF scores

From: Relationship between diet quality and depression among Iranian older adults in Tehran

Variables

Total n (%)

GDS-SF scores n (%)

p-value

\(<\)6

(normal)

\(\ge\)6

(with depression)

Total n (%)

583

452 (77.5)a

131 (22.5)a

Age (years)

65 – 60

203 (34.8)

160 (35.4)

43 (32.8)

0.340

74—65

268 (46.0)

211 (46.7)

57 (43.5)

80—74

112 (19.2)

81 (17.9)

31 (23.7)

Sex

Male

279 (47.9)

239 (52.9)

40 (30.5)

0.001 > 

Female

304 (52.1)

213 (47.1)

91 (69.5)

Ethnicity

Fars

328 (56.5)

254 (56.4)

74 (56.4)

0.365

Azeri

126 (21.7)

95 (21.1)

31 (23.7)

Gilak and Mazani

37 (6.4)

26 (5.8)

11 (8.4)

Other ethnics

90 (15.5)

75 (16.7)

15 (11.5)

Education

Illiterate/Primary/secondary school

392 (67.2)

285 (63.1)

107 (81.7)

0.001 > 

High school diploma

107 (18.4)

89 (19.7)

18 (13.7)

University degree

84 (14.4)

78 (17.3)

6 (4.6)

Marital status

Single/widow/divorced

119 (20.4)

83 (18.4)

36 (27.5)

0.027

Married

464 (79.6)

369 (81.6)

95 (72.5)

Living status

Alone

68 (11.7)

47 (10.4)

21 (16.0)

0.089

With family/nurse

515 (88.3)

405 (89.6)

110 (84.0)

Job status

with income (paid job)

309 (53.0)

267 (59.1)

42 (32.1)

0.001 > 

With no income

274 (47.0)

185 (40.9)

89 (67.9)

Monthly household income (million IRR)

 < 10

96 (16.9)

48 (10.9)

48 (37.2)

0.001b > 

10 – 20

266 (46.7)

206 (46.8)

60 (46.5)

20 – 30

110 (19.3)

96 (21.8)

14 (10.9)

 > 30

97 (17.0)

90 (20.5)

7 (5.4)

Smoking status

Current smoker

46 (7.9)

38 (8.4)

8 (6.2)

0.465

Sleep pattern

Irregular

232 (40.0)

150 (33.3)

82 (63.1)

0.001 > 

Taking medication

yes

505 (87.4)

381 (85.2)

124 (94.7)

0.004

ADL

Independent

534 (92.1)

407 (90.6)

127 (96.9)

0.007b

IADL

Independent

487 (84.5)

391 (87.3)

96 (75.0)

0.003b

BMI (kg/m2)c

 

28.3521 \(\pm\) 4.69739

28.0975 \(\pm\) 4.63335

29.2176 \(\pm\) 4.82725

0.017

Mid-arm circumference (mm)c

30.4329 \(\pm\) 3.61279

30.2393 \(\pm\) 3.41241

31.0977 \(\pm\) 4.17608

0.017

Calf circumference (mm)c

37.2672 \(\pm\) 3.69475

37.1982 \(\pm\) 3.50423

37.5054 \(\pm\) 4.29493

0.404

  1. χ2 test was used to analyze qualitative variables and the percentages are based on GDS-SF categories
  2. aPercentages are related to the total number of studied population
  3. bFisher’s Exact test was used for this variable
  4. cObtained from ANOVA test and the results are reported as mean ± SD
  5. ADL activities of daily living, IADL instrumental activities of daily living
  6. For ADL and IADL, only independent groups were reported