Table1 Association of overweight and impact of the COVID-19 pandemic with pre-frailty
Variables | Total n = 198 | Robust n = 49 | Pre-frail n = 149 | P Value | Effect size (d) | 95% C.I |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Demographic | ||||||
Age | 75.4 ± 5.4 | 74.7 ± 6.0 | 75.7 ± 5.1 | 0.316 | 0.187 | -0.136–0.511 |
Sex (women) | 138 (69.7) | 36 (73.5) | 102 (68.5) | 0.508 | ||
Body composition | ||||||
SMM (kg) | 21.03 ± 6.34 | 20.30 ± 3.73 | 21.28 ± 4.09 | 0.178 | 0.245 | -0.079–0.568 |
SMI (kg/m2) | 6.34 ± 0.87 | 6.15 ± 0.83 | 6.40 ± 0.88 | 0.087 | 0.288 | -0.036–0.612 |
BMR (kcal) | 1214.94 ± 143.45 | 1186.92 ± 132.11 | 1224.15 ± 146.23 | 0.159 | 0.260 | -0.063–0.584 |
PBF (%) | 30.2 ± 7.1 | 28.5 ± 7.5 | 30.8 ± 6.9 | 0.057 | 0.326 | 0.002–0.651 |
BMI (kg/m2) | 23.5 ± 3.3 | 22.4 ± 3.1 | 23.8 ± 3.2 | 0.009* | 0.441 | 0.115–0.767 |
VFA (cm2) | 81.5 ± 32.8 | 71.6 ± 28.9 | 84.8 ± 33.5 | 0.015* | 0.407 | 0.082–0.732 |
Overweight | ||||||
a Overweight (%BF) | 127 (64.1) | 30 (61.2) | 97 (65.1) | 0.624 | 0.070 | -0.209–0.349 |
b Overweight (BMI) | 62 (33.6) | 12 (24.5) | 50 (33.6) | 0.235 | 0.164 | -0.110–0.449 |
c Overweight (VFA) | 54 (27.3) | 7 (14.3) | 47 (31.5) | 0.019* | 0.338 | 0.056–0.621 |
Health characteristics | ||||||
The number of prescription medications taken per day | 2 (0–13) | 1 (0–6) | 2 (0–13) | 0.011* | 0.368 | 0.084–0.651 |
Depression (GDS5 ≥ 2) | 68 (34.3) | 11 (22.4) | 57 (38.3) | 0.043* | 0.291 | 0.009–0.572 |
Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic | ||||||
Cannot sleep well | 17 (8.6) | 4 (8.2) | 13 (8.7) | 0.903 | 0.017 | -0.261–0.296 |
Stress and anxiety | 50 (25.3) | 8 (16.3) | 42 (28.2) | 0.097 | 0.238 | -0.043–0.518 |
Going out less than last year | 154 (77.8) | 31 (63.3) | 122 (82.6) | 0.005* | 0.407 | 0.123–0.691 |